Multiple positive solutions of singular problems by variational methods
The authors consider the existence of positive solutions to the singular boundary value problem \[ -y = f(t, y), \, 0 < t < 1, \quad y(0) = y(1) = 0. \] Here, \(f \in C((0,1) \times (0, \infty), [0, \infty))\) satisfies \(2 \varepsilon \leq f(t, y) \leq C y^{-\gamma}, (t, y) \in (0, 1) \times (0, \varepsilon)\) for some \(C, \varepsilon > 0\) and \(\gamma \in (0, 1)\). They begin the paper by arguing that solutions of this boundary value problem are critical points of the functional \[ \Phi(y) = \int_0^1 \! \left ( \frac{1}{2} | y'(t)| ^2 - F_\varepsilon(t, y(t)) \right ) \, dt, \] where \(F_\varepsilon(t, y) = \int_\varepsilon^y \! f_\varepsilon(t, x) \, dx\). Here, \(f_\varepsilon(t, y) = f (t, \max\{ y - \varphi_\varepsilon(t), 0 \} + \varphi_\varepsilon(t))\) and \(\varphi_\varepsilon(t) = \varepsilon t ( 1 - t)\). They then develop a number of theorems for the existence of one and two positive solutions to the boundary value problem. This well written paper will be of interest to anyone studying singular boundary value problems and positive solutions to boundary value problems. It will also be of interest to anyone considering a variational framework to obtain positive solutions of boundary value problems.
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