Multiplicities of tensor eigenvalues

DOI10.4310/CMS.2016.V14.N4.A9MaRDI QIDQ305077zbMATH OpenFDO

Authors Ke Ye, Shenglong Hu

Publication date 26 August 2016

Published in Communications in Mathematical Sciences (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1412.2831

zbMATH Keywords

algebraic multiplicityeigenvalueeigenvectorgeometric multiplicityinequalities involving eigenvaluestensor

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Eigenvalues, singular values, and eigenvectors (15A18) Inequalities involving eigenvalues and eigenvectors (15A42) Multilinear algebra, tensor calculus (15A69)

Abstract: We study in this article multiplicities of eigenvalues of tensors. There are two natural multiplicities associated to an eigenvalue $lambda$ of a tensor: algebraic multiplicity $operatornameam(lambda)$ and geometric multiplicity $operatornamegm(lambda)$. The former is the multiplicity of the eigenvalue as a root of the characteristic polynomial, and the latter is the dimension of the eigenvariety (i.e., the set of eigenvectors) corresponding to the eigenvalue. We show that the algebraic multiplicity could change along the orbit of tensors by the orthogonal linear group action, while the geometric multiplicity of the zero eigenvalue is invariant under this action, which is the main difficulty to study their relationships. However, we show that for a generic tensor, every eigenvalue has a unique (up to scaling) eigenvector, and both the algebraic multiplicity and geometric multiplicity are one. In general, we suggest for an $m$-th order $n$-dimensional tensor the relationship [ operatorname{am}(lambda)geq operatorname{gm}(lambda)(m-1)^{operatorname{gm}(lambda)-1}. ] We show that it is true for serveral cases, especially when the eigenvariety contains a linear subspace of dimension $operatornamegm(lambda)$ in coordinate form. As both multiplicities are invariants under the orthogonal linear group action in the matrix counterpart, this generalizes the classical result for a matrix: the algebraic mutliplicity is not smaller than the geometric multiplicity.

Review text

Eigenvalues and eigenvectors of tensors are defined in analogy with those for matrices, as are the algebraic and geometric multiplicities of eigenvalues. But the set of eigenvectors of an eigenvalue of a tensor is not in general a linear subspace, nor is there a simple relationship between the two multiplicities as for matrices. This paper is devoted to the study of this topic. The authors show that the algebraic multiplicity is not invariant under the action of the orthogonal linear group on the tensor, whereas the geometric one is. For generic tensors, however, they show that both multiplicities have the value \(1\). They also propose a general inequality which generalizes the well-known inequality for matrices and holds in a number of interesting special cases.

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Cited in

(41)

• Multiplicity of singular values for tensors
• Inverse eigenvalue problem for tensors
• Eigenvariety of nonnegative symmetric weakly irreducible tensors associated with spectral radius and its application to hypergraphs
• On determinants and eigenvalue theory of tensors
• The number of eigenvalues of a tensor
• \(T_M\)-eigenvalues of odd-order tensors
• Nondegeneracy of eigenvectors and singular vector tuples of tensors
• Tensors with eigenvectors in a given subspace
• Further results on eigenvalues of symmetric decomposable tensors from multilinear dynamical systems
• Spectra of weighted uniform hypertrees
• Symmetry of eigenvalues of Sylvester matrices and tensors
• On the similarity of tensors
• Eigenvectors of Laplacian or signless Laplacian of hypergraphs associated with zero eigenvalue
• Simplifying the computation of the spectrum of the complete \(k\)-uniform hypergraph
• Eigenvectors of tensors -- a primer
• Characteristic polynomial and higher order traces of third order three dimensional tensors
• Tensor properties of multilevel Toeplitz and related matrices
• The \(H\)-spectra of a class of generalized power hypergraphs
• Codazzi tensors with two eigenvalue functions
• The E-eigenvectors of tensors
• Tests of inequivalence among absolutely nonsingular tensors through geometric invariants
• The dimension of eigenvariety of nonnegative tensors associated with spectral radius
• On the multiplicities and the ascent of an eigenvalue of a linear map
• MULTIPLICITIES OF EIGENVALUES
• scientific article; zbMATH DE number 1264895 (Why is no real title available?)
• The eigenvalues and eigenvectors of nonsingular tensors, similar tensors and tensor products
• A new definition of geometric multiplicity of eigenvalues of tensors and some results based on it
• One of perturbation analysis of tensor eigenvalues
• Multiplications and eigenvalues of tensors via linear maps
• Equations of tensor eigenschemes
• Spectral theory of weighted hypergraphs via tensors
• Comparing the principal eigenvector of a hypergraph and its shadows
• Algebraic and geometric multiplicities for some hypergraphs
• The zero eigenvalue of the Laplacian tensor of a uniform hypergraph
• The multivariate eigenvalues of symmetric tensors
• On the second-largest modulus among the eigenvalues of a power hypergraph
• A note on multiplicity-free tensor representations
• Uniform hypertrees with maximum nullity
• Perfect colourings of hypergraphs
• Jacobi stability and restoration of parameters of the nonlinear double pendulum
• Eigenvalues and invariants of tensors

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Uses Software

• Macaulay2
• ISOLATE

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