Multiplicity results for a two-point boundary value double eigenvalue problem
Parameter dependent boundary value problems for ordinary differential equations (34B08) Boundary eigenvalue problems for ordinary differential equations (34B09) Nonlinear boundary value problems for ordinary differential equations (34B15) Abstract critical point theory (Morse theory, Lyusternik-Shnirel'man theory, etc.) in infinite-dimensional spaces (58E05)
The authors establish the existence of at least three weak solutions for the following boundary value problem \[ -u^{\prime \prime }+u=\lambda f(t,u)+\mu g(t,u), \] \[ u^{\prime }(a)=u^{\prime }(b)=0, \] where \(\lambda\), \(\mu >0\), \(a,b\in\mathbb{R} (a<b)\) and \(f,g:[a,b]\times\mathbb{R}\rightarrow\mathbb{R}\) are two \(L^{1}\)-Caratheodory functions. Using the theorem of \textit{B. Ricceri} [Nonlinear Anal., Theory Methods Appl., Ser. A, Theory Methods 70, No. 9, A, 3084--3089 (2009; Zbl 1214.47079)], the authors prove the following Theorem: Let \(f:[a,b]\times\mathbb{R}\rightarrow\mathbb{R}\) be a \(L^{1}\)-Caratheodory function, and put \(F(t,x)=\int_{0}^{x} f(t,\zeta)d\zeta\) for \((t,x)\in [ a,b]\times\mathbb{R}\). Assume that there exist four positive constants \(\alpha ,\beta ,\theta,\tau \) and a function \(u_{1}\in W^{1,2}([a,b])\) with \(\alpha +\beta <b-a\) and \(0\leq u_{1}(t)\leq \alpha \beta \tau \) for all \(t\in [ a,b]\) such that {\parindent7.5mm \begin{itemize}\item[(i)] \(\int_{a}^{b} (|u'_{1}(t)|^{2}+|u_{1}(t)|^{2})\,dt>\alpha\beta\theta^{2};\) \item[(ii)] \(F(t,x)\geq 0\) for each \((t,x)\in ([a,a+\alpha ]\cup [ b-\beta ,b])\times [ 0,\alpha \beta \tau ];\) \item[(iii)] \(M_{1}:=\frac{\alpha \beta \theta ^{2}}{\int_{a}^{b} (|u'_{1}(t)|^{2}+|u_{1}(t)|^{2})\,dt}\int_{a+\alpha}^{b-\beta}F(t,u_{1}(t))\,dt-\int_{a}^{b}\sup_{x\in[-\eta,\eta]}F(t,x)\,dt>0\) where \(\eta :=\theta \sqrt{\frac{2\alpha \beta }{b-a}};\) \item[(iv)] \(\lim_{|x|\rightarrow\infty} \sup\frac{F(t,x)}{x^{2}}<\frac{1}{4d}\) uniformly with respect to \(t\in [ a,b]\) for some \(d\) satisfying \(d>\frac{\alpha \beta \theta ^{2}}{2M_{1}}\). \end{itemize}} Then, there exist a non-empty open set \(A\subseteq ]0,d[\) and a real number \( q>0\) with the following property: for every \(\lambda \in A\) and for an arbitrary \(L^{1}\)-Caratheodory function \(g:[a,b]\times\mathbb{R}\rightarrow\mathbb{R},\) there exists \(\delta >0\) such that, for each \(\mu \in [ 0,\delta ],\) the given problem has at least three weak solutions in \(W^{1,2}([a,b])\) whose norms are less than \(q\).
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