Multivalued analytic continuation of the Cauchy transform
approximation by rational functionsCauchy transformmultivalued analytic continuationquadrature domains
Analytic continuation of functions of one complex variable (30B40) Approximation in the complex plane (30E10) Boundary value and inverse problems for harmonic functions in two dimensions (31A25) Other free boundary flows; Hele-Shaw flows (76D27) Complex variables methods applied to problems in fluid mechanics (76M40)
The Cauchy transform \[ {\widehat{g}}(z) = -\frac{1}{\pi} \int \frac{g(w)}{w - z} \,dA \] well-known in potential theory and applications, is studied. The following notion of the multivalued analytic continuation of the Cauchy transform of a characteristic function \(\chi_{\Omega}\) of a bounded domain \(\Omega\) is introduced: the Cauchy transform \({\widehat{\chi}}_{\Omega}\) possesses a multivalued analytic continuation in a neighborhood of \(z_0\in \partial \Omega\) if for certain positive \(r\) there exists an analytic function \(f(z)\) in \(B_r(z_0)\) such that for any (connected) component \(K\) of \(B_r(z_0)\setminus \Omega\) \[ {\widehat{\chi}}_{\Omega} = f(z) + c_K,\quad z\in K, \] where \(c_K\) is a constant depending on \(K\). The author proves the following property of such a continuation: if \({\widehat{\chi}}_{\Omega}\) has a multivalued continuation in \(B_r(z_0)\), \(z_0\in \partial \Omega\), then (a) \(\partial \Omega \cap {B}_r(z_0)\) has Lebesgue measure zero; (b) for any \(a\in \partial \Omega \cap {B}_r(z_0)\) \[ \int_{B_{\rho}(a)} \frac{\chi_{\Omega}(z)}{| z - a| ^2} \,dA = \infty \] for certain \(\rho > 0\). Connection of the introduced notion with the quadrature domains and approximation by rational functions are discussed too. An open problem is formulated.
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