Nagumo theorems of nonlinear singular boundary value problems

The authors study the following boundary value problem \[ (p(t,x(t)) x'(t))'= f(t,x(t),p(t,x(t)) x'(t)) \quad\text{for a.e. } t \in (0,1), \] \noindent with the different boundary conditions: \(x(0)=c\) and \(x(1)=d\); \(g(x(0),(px')(0))=0\) and \(x(1)=d\); \(x(0)=c\) and \(h(x(1),(px')(1))=0\); \(g(x(0),(px')(0))=0\) and \(h(x(1),(px')(1))=0\). Here \((px')(0)=\lim_{t\to 0^+}(p(t,x(t)) x'(t))\) and \((px')(1)=\lim_{t\to 1^-}(p(t,x(t)) x'(t))\). \(f\) is supposed a Carathéodory function and \(p\) is a continuous function such that \(p(t,x(t)) x'(t)\) is an absolutely continuous function. Under suitable conditions on \(p\) and \(f\) existence results for the considered problems are obtained in the presence of a lower solution \(\alpha\) and an upper solution \(\beta\), with \(\alpha \leq \beta\). For the first problem (\(x(0)=c\) and \(x(1)=d\)) degree theory and a priori bounds are used. The existence of solutions of the rest of the treated problems is obtained passing to the limit in the solutions of the previous problems.

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