Natural operations in differential geometry
This book is a first treatise on natural bundles and natural operators. Natural bundles are also called bundle functors. The typical problem studied in the book is the following. Given two natural bundles over \(m\)- manifolds, \(F,G: {\mathcal M} f_ m\to {\mathcal F}{\mathcal M}\), where \({\mathcal M} f_ m\) is the category of \(m\)-dimensional manifolds and local diffeomorphisms and \({\mathcal F}{\mathcal M}\) is the category of fibered manifolds and fibered maps, a natural operator \(A: F\to G\) is a system of natural operators \(A_ M: \text{Sect}(FM)\to\text{Sect}(GM)\), \(\text{Sect}(HM)\) being the set of sections of the fibered manifold \(HM\to M\), satisfying some properties of naturality and locality. The question is: how many natural operators are there between \(F\) and \(G\)? The answer is given taking into account the bijective correspondence between natural operators of finite order \(k\) and \(G^ q_ m\)-invariant maps \(T^ k_ m S\to S'\), where \(q=\max\{r+ k,r'\}\), \(r\) being the order of \(F\), \(r'\) the order of \(G\) and \(S\), \(S'\) the standard fibers of \(F\) and \(G\), respectively. The authors illustrate the power of this procedure with many examples. For instance, the exterior derivative \(d: \Lambda^ k T^*\to \Lambda^{k+1} T^*\) is a first order natural operator and the only natural operators of this kind are the constant multiples of \(d\). This is the flavour of the book. The book is divided in twelve chapters. The first three chapters are devoted to give an introduction to the basic notions in Differential Geometry. However, the content is not completely standard and there are some interesting subjects. In fact, the theory of derivations of Frölicher-Nijenhuis is introduced as well as the so-called Frölicher- Nijenhuis bracket. Also in the third chapter a holonomy theorem for general connections is proved. This theorem generalizes the well-known holonomy theorem of Ambrose-Singer for principal connections. Chapter IV introduces jets on manifolds and an interesting study of jet groups \(G^ k_ m\) is done. The prolongation of principal bundles are defined and the first results on natural bundles and operators are given. The finite order theorems (Peetre theorem and its nonlinear generalizations) are given in Chapter V. In Chapter VI the authors introduce the algebraic and analytical methods in order to find natural operators and some applications are given in Chapter VII. For instance, all bilinear operators of the Frölicher-Nijenhuis type are obtained. Chapter VIII is devoted to study the so-called Weil functors and their natural transformations. Essentially, every product preserving functor is a Weil functor. Then the next chapter IX is devoted to study bundle functors which do not preserve products. Significative differences between both kinds of functors are remarked. In Chapter X the prolongations of vector fields and connections into vector fields and connections are studied. This is a widely studied topic in the literature. The generalized Lie derivative is considered in Chapter XI and some applications to higher order variational calculus are given. Some results on the existence of the Poincaré-Cartan forms were recently obtained by the first author [Natural operators related with the variational calculus, Proc. Conf. Differ. Geom. Appl. Opava (1992)]. Finally, Chapter XII is devoted to study gauge natural bundles and their operators between them. In fact, natural bundles coincide with the associated fiber bundles to higher order frame bundles. Now, we need to consider an arbitrary Lie group and we deduce that gauge natural bundles are associated bundles with the prolongations of principal bundles. As the authors claimed in the introduction, the book collects many results mainly due to mathematicians of Middle Europe. I agree with this assertion! I recommend the book to those mathematicians and physicists interested in the theory of bundles, connections, differential operators, etc. I only have some minor criticisms. In fact, some references should be added to the bibliography. For instance, the book of \textit{S. Kobayashi} [Transformation groups in differential geometry (Berlin 1972; Zbl 0246.53031)] contains additional material to Chapter IV. The pioneer paper of \textit{P. L. García} [Rend. Semin. Mat. Univ. Padova 47, 227- 242 (1972; Zbl 0251.53024)] is a needed reference to universal connections. The diffeomorphism \(TT^*\cong T^* T\) appears for the first time in \textit{W. M. Tulczyjew} [C. R. Acad. Sci., Paris, Sér. A 283, 675-678 (1976; Zbl 0334.58008)].
- Harmonicity of unit vector fields with respect to Riemannian \(g\)-natural metrics
- Lagrangian reductive structures on gauge-natural bundles
- Generalized geometrical structures of odd dimensional manifolds
- Natural differential operators and graph complexes
- General natural Einstein Kähler structures on tangent bundles
- Some examples of harmonic maps for g-natural metrics
- Ternary invariant differential operators acting on spaces of weighted densities
- Geometric approach to Pontryagin's maximum principle
- Natural bundles and operators
- Torsions of connections on some natural bundles
- Canonical structure of classical field theory in the polymomentum phase space
- Geometry of the Prytz planimeter
- Geometrical theory of uniform Cosserat media
- Poisson structures on double Lie groups
- Remarks on Noether charges and black holes entropy
- Some natural constructions on vector fields and higher order cotangent bundles
- Geodesics on spaces of almost Hermitian structures
- Gauge-natural forms of Chern-Weil type
- The natural operators lifting 1-forms on manifolds to the bundles of A- velocities
- On some generalizations of Batalin-Vilkovisky algebras
- Connections on infinite-dimensional manifolds with corners
- Invariants of velocities and higher-order Grassmann bundles
- On field theoretic generalizations of a Poisson algebra
- Reductive \(G\)-structures and Lie derivatives.
- Generalised connections over a vector bundle map.
- Non-holonomic and semi-holonomic frames in terms of Stiefel and Grassmann tangent bundles.
- On the torsion of linear higher order connections
- Gauge invariance and variational trivial problems on the bundle of connections.
- Einstein-Dirac theory on gauge-natural bundles
- Reduction theorems for general linear connections.
- The universal connection of an arbitrary system
- Fibre derivatives: Some applications to singular Lagrangians
- Tensor fields of type (0,2) on linear frame bundles and cotangent bundles
- The entropy of the Taub-Bolt solution
- On the notions of energy tensors in tetrad-affine gravity
- A simplicial foundation for differential and sector forms in tangent categories
- Hopf-cyclic cohomology of the Connes-Moscovici Hopf algebras with infinite dimensional coefficients
- On the splitting of infinitesimal Poisson automorphisms around symplectic leaves
- Kaluza-Klein type Ricci solitons on unit tangent sphere bundles
- Local subsystems in gauge theory and gravity
- Primary operations in differential cohomology
- Bundle functors and fibrations
- Hamiltonian coupling of electromagnetic field and matter
- \((1,1)\)-tensor sphere bundle of Cheeger-Gromoll type
- Klein-Weyl's program and the ontology of gauge and quantum systems
- Induced \(C^*\)-complexes in metaplectic geometry
- On Wick polynomials of boson fields in locally covariant algebraic QFT
- Unimodularity criteria for Poisson structures on foliated manifolds
- Duality for graded manifolds
- The group of diffeomorphisms of a non-compact manifold is not regular
- Nonlinear stability of relative equilibria and isomorphic vector fields
- Section sigma models coupled to symplectic duality bundles on Lorentzian four-manifolds
- Local phase space and edge modes for diffeomorphism-invariant theories
- Generalised spin structures in general relativity
- Higher-order analogs of Lie algebroids via vector bundle comorphisms
- General natural \((\alpha ,\varepsilon )\)-structures
- On some hereditary properties of Riemannian \(g\)-natural metrics on tangent bundles of Riemannian manifolds
- The Hessian and Jacobi morphisms for higher order calculus of variations
- Structure groups and holonomy in infinite dimensions
- Deformation by quantization and rigidity of enveloping algebras.
- Covariant gauge-natural conservation laws
- Covariant Poisson brackets in geometric field theory
- Extending tangent bundles by an algebra bundle
- Infinitesimal natural and gauge-natural lifts
- Do bosons feel spin frames?
- On the fiber product preserving bundle functors
- Invariant local twistor calculus for quaternionic structures and related geometries
- Integrability of Lie equations and pseudogroups
- De Donder-Weyl equations and multisymplectic geometry
- Geometry of Hamiltonian \(n\)-vector fields in multisymplectic field theory.
- Existence of invariant manifolds for stochastic equations in infinite dimension
- Differential invariants of immersions of manifolds with metric fields
- On multilinear operators commuting with Lie derivatives
- Natural base-extending operators of foliations into foliations on the Weil functors
- A common generalization of the Frölicher-Nijenhuis bracket and the Schouten bracket for symmetric multivector fields
- The Euler-Poincaré equations and double bracket dissipation
- Differential geometry of \(\mathfrak{g}\)-manifolds
- Topological and algebraic structures on the ring of Fermat reals
- Symmetries of parabolic contact structures
- Helmholtz conditions and symmetries for the time dependent case of the inverse problem of the calculus of variations
- The ring of Fermat reals
- Two-spinor formulation of first-order gravity coupled to Dirac fields
- Hierarchies of holonomy groupoids for foliated bundles
- Deformations of Dolbeault cohomology classes for Lie algebra with complex structures
- On coordinate expressions of jet groups and their representations
- Extensions of hom-Lie color algebras
- Fractional Sobolev metrics on spaces of immersions
- General-relativistic covariance
- Differential geometry and stochastic dynamics with deep learning numerics
- Riemannian and sub-Riemannian geodesic flows
- Lie groupoids and the Frölicher-Nijenhuis bracket
- The natural transformations between r-tangent and r-cotangent bundles over Riemannian manifolds
- Natural operators on tensor fields
- The holonomy groupoids of singularly foliated bundles
- Regularity via minors and applications to conformal maps
- Bundle geometry of the connection space, covariant Hamiltonian formalism, the problem of boundaries in gauge theories, and the dressing field method
- Vector bundles and differential bundles in the category of smooth manifolds
- Almost all Finsler metrics have infinite dimensional holonomy group
- Nonlinear splittings on fibre bundles
- Nijenhuis geometry
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