Nearly comonotone approximation
Let \(I=[-1,1]\) and for \(s\geq 1\) let \(Y=\{y_i\}_{i=0}^s,- 1=y_s<\dots<y_0=1\), and \(\Delta^{(1)}(Y)\) be the set of continuous functions \(f\) on \(I\), such that \(f\) is nondecreasing on \([y_i,y_{i-1}]\), when \(i \) is odd and it is nonincreasing when \(i\) is even. Let \(\prod(x)=\prod_{i=1}^{s-1}(x- y_i)\) and \(\rho_n(x)=\frac{\sqrt{1-x^2}}{n}+n^{-2}\). A polynomial \(P_n\) is said to be comonotone with \(f\) on \(E\), if \(P_n^{'}(x)\prod(x)\geq 0\), \(x\in I\). Let \(x_j=\cos(\pi j/n)\), \(I_j=[x_j,x_{j-1}]\), \(O_i=(x_{j+1},x_{j- 2})\), if \(y_i\in [x_j,x_{j-1})\), \(O(n,y)=\cup_{i=1}^{s-1}O_i\) and \(O^*(n,Y)=O(n,Y)\cup I_1\cup I_n\). Theorem 1. There are constants \(c=c(s)\) and \(C=C(s)\) for which if \(f\in \Delta^{(1)}(Y)\), then for every \(n>1\) there exists a polynomial \(P_n\) which is comonotone with \(f\) on \([-1,1]\backslash O^*([n/c],Y)\) and \(\| f-P_n\| _C\leq C\omega_3(f,\rho_n(x))\). Theorem 2 claim similar results for \(f\in \Delta^{(1)}(Y)\cap C^1[- 1,1]\). It is impossible to replace \(\omega_3\) in theorem 1 by \(\omega_4\) (theorem 4).
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