New Linking Theorem and Sign-Changing Solutions

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The authors consider the following semilinear elliptic boundary value problem \[ -\Delta u= f(x,u),\text{ in }\Omega\text{ and }u= 0,\text{ on }\partial\Omega, \] where \(\Omega\subset\mathbb{R}^N\) is a bounded domain with smooth boundary \(\partial\Omega\), and \(f(x,t)\) is a Carathéodory function on \(\overline\Omega\times \mathbb{R}\) such that \[ {f(x,t)\over t}\to a\text{ a.e. }x\in\Omega\quad\text{as }t\to-\infty, \] \[ {f(x,t)\over t}\to b\text{ a.e. } x\in\Omega\quad\text{as }t\to +\infty. \] The purpose of the authors is twofold: 1) to deal with the case when \((a,b)\) is not restricted to be inside of the square \((\lambda_{i-1},\lambda_{i+1})^2\), no matter whether resonance occurs or not, 2) to get more information as for the solutions. In particular, the authors would like to know if they are sign-changing. To this end, they give a general linking type theorem.



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