Non-Isomorphic Curves with Isomorphic Rings of Differential Operators
ad-nilpotent elementscodimensioncomplex affine curveinjective birational mapinvariants of simple ringsnon-isomorphic curves with isomorphic rings of differential operatorsring of differential operatorsring of regular functions
Commutative rings of differential operators and their modules (13N10) Differentials and other special sheaves; D-modules; Bernstein-Sato ideals and polynomials (14F10) Arithmetic ground fields for curves (14H25) Simple and semisimple modules, primitive rings and ideals in associative algebras (16D60) Rings of differential operators (associative algebraic aspects) (16S32) Sheaves of differential operators and their modules, (D)-modules (32C38)
Let \(X\) be a complex affine curve. It is natural to ask whether \(\mathcal D(X)\), the ring of differential operators on \(X\), determines \(X\). That is, does \({\mathcal D}(X) \cong {\mathcal D}(Y)\) imply that \(X \cong Y\)? The subset \(N(X)\) of \({\mathcal D}(X)\) consisting of ad-nilpotent elements is obviously an invariant of \({\mathcal D}(X)\). It contains \({\mathcal O}(X)\), the ring of regular functions on \({\mathcal D}(X)\). The combined work of Makar- Limanov and Perkins shows that \(N(X) = {\mathcal O}(X)\), unless there is a finite, injective birational map \(\pi: \mathbb{A}^ 1 \to X\). So the answer is `yes' except possibly when there is such a map. Let us assume then, from now on, that there is an injective birational map \(\pi: \mathbb{A}^ 1 \to X\). Note that, for such a curve, the work of Smith and Stafford shows that \({\mathcal D}(X)\) is Morita equivalent to \({\mathcal D}(\mathbb{A}^ 1)\) and hence is simple. Thus the above problem is part of the important general question of finding (non-Morita) invariants of simple rings. Further work of Letzter and Makar-Limanov showed that there is a non-negative integer-valued invariant of the isomorphism class of \({\mathcal D}(X)\) called the codimension. This is simply the vector space codimension of \(\text{gr }{\mathcal D}(X)\) in \(\text{gr }{\mathcal D}(A^ 1)\). Remarkably, there are examples of non-isomorphic curves with isomorphic rings of differential operators. The author found the first examples and they are given in the paper under review. The isomorphisms in question are obtained by a very involved calculation. Recently, Kouakou has announced a complete solution to the problem. In fact, \({\mathcal D}(X)\) is determined up to isomorphism by its codimension. Thus, ultimately, we discover that there are amazingly few isomorphism classes amongst \({\mathcal D}(X)\) for which there is an injective birational map \(\pi: \mathbb{A}^ 1 \to X\).
- On the isomorphism problem for the rings of differential operators on smooth affine varieties
- Nonaffine differential-algebraic curves do not exist
- Rings of differential operators over rational affine curves
- Isomorphisms of Rings of Differential Operators on Curves
- scientific article; zbMATH DE number 51803 (Why is no real title available?)
- scientific article; zbMATH DE number 1270847 (Why is no real title available?)
- ON THE ISOMORPHISM PROBLEM FOR RINGS OF DIFFERENTIAL OPERATORS OVER AFFINE CURVES
- Dixmier groups and Borel subgroups
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