Non-associative Ore extensions

Ordinary and skew polynomial rings and semigroup rings (16S36) Automorphisms, derivations, other operators (nonassociative rings and algebras) (17A36)

Abstract: We introduce non-associative Ore extensions,

S = R [X; s i g m a, d e l t a]

, for any non-associative unital ring

R

and any additive maps

s i g m a, d e l t a : R i g h t a r r o w R

satisfying

s i g m a (1) = 1

and

d e l t a (1) = 0

. In the special case when

d e l t a

is either left or right

R_{d e l t a}

-linear, where

R_{d e l t a} = k e r (d e l t a)

, and

R

is

d e l t a

-simple, i.e.

0

and

R

are the only

d e l t a

-invariant ideals of

R

, we determine the ideal structure of the non-associative differential polynomial ring

D = R [X; m a t h r m {i d}_{R}, d e l t a]

. Namely, in that case, we show that all ideals of

D

are generated by monic polynomials in the center

Z (D)

of

D

. We also show that

Z (D) = R_{d e l t a} [p]

for a monic

p i n R_{d e l t a} [X]

, unique up to addition of elements from

Z (R)_{d e l t a}

. Thereby, we generalize classical results by Amitsur on differential polynomial rings defined by derivations on associative and simple rings. Furthermore, we use the ideal structure of

D

to show that

D

is simple if and only if

R

is

d e l t a

-simple and

Z (D)

equals the field

R_{d e l t a} c a p Z (R)

. This provides us with a non-associative generalization of a result by "{O}inert, Richter, and Silvestrov. This result is in turn used to show a non-associative version of a classical result by Jordan concerning simplicity of

D

in the cases when the characteristic of the field

R_{d e l t a} c a p Z (R)

is either zero or a prime. We use our findings to show simplicity results for both non-associative versions of Weyl algebras and non-associative differential polynomial rings defined by monoid/group actions on compact Hausdorff spaces.

Review text

Let \(R\) be an associative ring, and \(\delta\colon R \rightarrow R\) a derivation. The center of the associative Ore extension \(D = R[x; \delta]\), where \(R\) is simple, was described by Amitsur as generated by a single element over the fixed subring of the center \(Z(R)_{\delta}\). Conditions for simplicity of \(R[x;\delta]\) were studied by several authors; an elegant condition was recently given in [\textit{J. Öinert} et al., J. Algebra Appl. 12, No. 4, Paper No. 1250192, 16 p. (2013; Zbl 1277.16016)]: \(D = R[x;\delta]\) is simple if and only if \(R\) is \(\delta\)-simple (i.e. has no \(\delta\)-invariant ideals) and \(Z(D)\) is a field. The current paper is concerned with nonassociative Ore extensions, by which the authors mean a ring of the form \(S = \bigoplus R x^i\) with \(xa = \sigma(a)x + \delta(a)\), where \(\sigma, \delta {\,:\,} R \rightarrow R\) are additive maps normalized so that \(\sigma(1) = 1\) and \(\delta(1)=0\), such that \((S,S,x) = (S,x,S) = 0\) (here \((a,b,c) = (ab)c-a(bc)\) is the associator). We denote \(R[x;\delta] = R[x;1,\delta]\). We say that \(\delta\) is a kernel derivation if \(\delta\) left or right linear over \(R_{\delta} = \left\{a : \delta(a) = 0\right\}\), which in this case is a subring. The authors prove that if \(R\) is \(\delta\)-simple, where \(\delta\) is a kernel derivation, then the center of \(D = R[x;\delta]\) is generated by a single element over \(Z(D)_\delta\); and that \(D\) is simple if and only if \(R\) is \(\delta\)-simple and \(Z(D)\) is a field, if which case \(Z(D) = Z(R)_{\delta}\). As an application, it is shown that when \(T\) is a simple ring, the nonassociative Weyl algebra \(T[x,y \,|\, xy-yx = 1]\) is simple if and only if \(\operatorname{char} T = 0\). Other nonassociative examples are studied as well.

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