Noncommutative geometry and basic physics
Connes-Lott modelDirac operatorelectroweakGlashow-Salam-Weinberg LagrangeanHiggs massspectral triplestandard modelYang-Mills action
Subfactors and their classification (46L37) Noncommutative geometry (à la Connes) (58B34) Introductory exposition (textbooks, tutorial papers, etc.) pertaining to quantum theory (81-01) Noncommutative geometry methods in quantum field theory (81T75) Unified quantum theories (81V22) Nuclear physics (81V35)
This paper mainly deals with how to derive action of the standard model by using arguments of noncommutative geometry. For this purpose, first spectral triples are explained emphasizing the generalized Dirac operator nature of spectral triples in Section 1. Necessary tools of noncommutative geometry, and quantum Yang-Mills theory are also explained in this Section. In Section 2, the electroweak inner spectral triple is introduced. Then its Dirac operator (a \((4N,4N)\)-matrix, \(N\) stands for the number of fermion families, so \(N= 3\) in nature) and Yang-Mills action are computed. In Section 3, tensorizing the electrodynamics spectral triple by the inner spectral triple desribed in Section 2, the (quantum Yang-Mills) Connes-Lott model is derived. The author claims that the original Connes-Lott model recovers all the terms of Glashow-Salam-Weinberg Lagrangian, but the hypercharges are wrong. To overcome this difficulty, a mathematically correct, but physically heuristic, modular correction was introduced [cf. \textit{D. Kastler}, A detailed account of Alain Connes' version of the standard model in noncommutative differential geometry, Rev. Math. Phys. 8, No. 1, 103-165 (1996; Zbl 0867.58003)]. This correction not only corrects wrong hypercharges, but also demands the construction of the full standard model. The Higgs mass is predicted at tree-level (3.4). To analyze Connes-Lott model, real spectral triples and their fermionic action are defined in Section 4, together with the definitions of tensor product of real spectral pair (4,9), \(S_0\)-real spectral triples and a real metric dual pair (4.10). After these preliminaries, the inner \(S_0\)-real spectral triple of the standard model is presented in Section 5. The full standard-model algebra is the tensor product of the space-time algebra \(\mathbb{A}= C^\infty(M)\) by the inner-space algebra \(\mathbb{C}\oplus \mathbb{H}\oplus M_3(\mathbb{C})\). Starting from this algebra, the full standard-model \(S_0\)-real spectral triple is presented in Section 6 (6.1). Matrix form of the covariant Dirac operator and its expression as a differential operator are both computed (6.6 and 6.7). Square of the restriction of covariant Dirac operator to the particle Hilbert space is also computed (6.8). In Section 7, according to Connes' argument ``the gauge bosons are fluctuations of the gravitational metric [\textit{A. Connes}, Gravity coupled with matter and the foundation of noncommutative geometry, Comm. Math. Phys. 182, No. 1, 155-176 (1996; Zbl 0881.58009)], spectral action of the covariant Dirac operator is calculated by using asymptotic expansion of the heat kernel. This calculation was sketched in [\textit{A. Chamseddine} and \textit{A. Connes}, The spectral action principle, Comm. Math. Phys. 186, No. 3, 731-750 (1996; Zbl 0894.58007)]. Here, the author gave detailed calculations, applying Gilkey's list [\textit{P. Gilkey}, Invariance theory, the heat equation and the Atiyah-Singer index-theorem, CCR Press (1995)]. In Section 8, bosonic part of the spectral action is investigated and boson masses are evaluated [cf. \textit{L. Carminati}, \textit{B. Iochum}, \textit{D. Kastler} and \textit{T. Schücker}, On Connes' new principle of general relativity: can spinors hear the forces of spacetime? S. Doplicher (ed.) et al., Operator algebras and quantum field theory. Proceedings of the conference dedicated to D. Kastler in celebration of his 70th birthday, Accademia Nazionale dei Lincei, Roma, Italiy, July 1-6, 1996. Cambridge, MA: International Press, 359-373 (1997; Zbl 0911.53066)]. In this paper, Higgs mass is predicted as \(M_H= 182\mp 17\)Gev. In Section 9, the fermionic action of the full-standard model is calculated. To do this, first Euclidean fermionic action is calculated dividing the action as the sum of the Fermi term ((19.7) and (9.11)) and Yukawa term ((9.10) and (9.15)). Its conversion into a Minkowskian action is only sketched. The inner spectral triple was tailored so as to fit phenomenologically. So the full standard model is not mathematically conceptually autonomous. To derive the inner spectral triple from first principles, Connes advanced the idea that the finite quantum group \(U_q({\mathfrak s}{\mathfrak l} 2)\), \(q= e^{2\pi i/3}\) might dictate the algebra of inner spectral triples [\textit{A. Connes}, Noncommutative geometry and reality, J. Math. Phys. 36, No. 11, 6194-6231 (1995; Zbl 0871.58008)]. In Section 10, the last Section, this idea is examined presenting the Hopf bar-operation of \(U_q({\mathfrak s}{\mathfrak l} 2)\) for \(q\) of unit modulus. The author says that detailed calculations of this Section are given in another one of his papers. Unfortunately, this paper is missing in the list of bibliography. In the Appendix, heat-kernel expansion, generalized Laplacians, Bochner and Lichnerowicz formulae, and Weyl tensor are explained. For the entire collection see [Zbl 0963.00032].
- The spectral action principle
- The standard model in noncommutative geometry: fundamental fermions as internal forms
- Spectral Noncommutative Geometry Standard Model and all that
- Connes' noncommutative differential geometry and the standard model
- A DETAILED ACCOUNT OF ALAIN CONNES' VERSION OF THE STANDARD MODEL IN NON-COMMUTATIVE GEOMETRY: I AND II.
- Algebraic theory of the chemical potential in the case of the usual gauge group
- The spectral action principle
- The standard model in noncommutative geometry: fundamental fermions as internal forms
- Spectral action and the electroweak -terms for the standard model without fermion doubling
- Noncommutative geometry, topology, and the standard model vacuum
- scientific article; zbMATH DE number 6131317 (Why is no real title available?)
- scientific article; zbMATH DE number 1414075 (Why is no real title available?)
- Deriving the standard model from the simplest two-point K cycle
- The standard model in noncommutative geometry and Morita equivalence
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