Noncommutative integration

is not of type hreeonec the family of partial isometries can be replaced by a family of unitaries in cMp One cannot expect to have this result in the usual integration thoery. To have a similar result, one needs to bring in some kind of non-commutativity. Let

l r b r a c e X, m u

be a

s i g

-finite semifinite measure space and

G

be an ergodic group of automorphisms of

l i n f l r X, m u

, then for a pair

f

and

g

of

m u

-integrable positive functions on

X

, the inequality:

int_X f(x) xd mu(x)leq int_X g(x) xd mu(x)

is equivalent to the existence of a countable families

l r b r a c e f d i : i i n I s u b s e t L^{1} (X, m u)

of positive integrable functions and

l r b r a c e g d i : i i n I

in

G

such that

f=sumd{iin I} fdiquad ext{and}quad sumd{iin I} gdilr{fdi}leq g,

where the summation and inequality are all taken in the oredered Banach space

L^{1} (X, m u)

and the action of

G

on

l o n e l r X, m u

is defined through the duality between

l i n f l r X, m u

and

l o n e l r X, m u

, i.e., lr{g(f)}(x)&=flr{ginv x}frac{ xdmuscirc ginv}{ xdmu}(x), quad finlonelr{X, mu}.

Review text

Let \(M\) be a von Neumann algebra. We say that two normal positive linear functionals \(\varphi,\psi\in M^+_*\) are equivalent (written \(\varphi\sim \psi\)) if there exists a partial isometry \(u\in M\) such that \(s(\varphi)\leq u^*u\), \(s(\psi)\leq uu^*\) and \(u\varphi u^*=\psi\) (which also entails \(\varphi=u^*\psi u\)). The main result states that whenever \(M\) is a factor and \(\varphi(1)=\psi(1)\), we can find sequences \({\varphi_i}\) and \({\psi_i}\) from \(M^+_*\) such that \(\varphi=\sum_i\varphi_i\), \(\psi=\sum_i\psi_i\) and, for each \(i\), \(\varphi_i\sim\psi_i\). The author calls an element of \(M^+_*\) super faithful if all nonzero positive linear functionals from \(M^+_*\) which it majorizes are faithful. If \(M\) admits a super faithful functional, then it is a factor of type \(III_1\). The question of existence of such functionals is not resolved in the paper, but if the von Neumann algebra admits no super faithful functionals, then one can choose the partial isometries that establish equivalences of the pairs of functionals to be unitaries. The decomposition theorem stated above describes a strictly noncommutative phenomenon. To make sense of it in the commutative case, the author considers abelian algebras with ergodic group actions and obtains an analogous decomposition.

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