Noncommutative quadric surfaces

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Abstract: The 4-dimensional Sklyanin algebra is the homogeneous coordinate ring of a noncommutative analogue of projective 3-space. The degree-two component of the algebra contains a 2-dimensional subspace of central elements. The zero loci of those central elements, except 0, form a pencil of non-commutative quadric surfaces, We show that the behavior of this pencil is similar to that of a generic pencil of quadrics in the commutative projective 3-space. There are exactly four singular quadrics in the pencil. The singular and non-singular quadrics are characterized by whether they have one or two rulings by non-commutative lines. The Picard groups of the smooth quadrics are free abelian of rank two. The alternating sum of dimensions of Ext groups allows us to define an intersection pairing on the Picard group of the smooth noncommutative quadrics. A surprise is that a smooth noncommutative quadric can sometimes contain a "curve" having self-intersection number -2. Many of the methods used in our paper are noncommutative versions of methods developed by Buchweitz, Eisenbud and Herzog: in particular, the correspondence between the geometry of a quadric hypersurface and maximal Cohen-Macaulay modules over its homogeneous coordinate ring plays a key role. An important aspect of our work is to introduce definitions of non-commutative analogues of the familiar commutative terms used in this abstract. We expect the ideas we develop here for 2-dimensional non-commutative quadric hypersurfaces will apply to higher dimensional non-commutative quadric hypersurfaces and we develop them in sufficient generality to make such applications possible.


The article is devoted to the noncommutative geometry over a 4-dimensional Sklyanin algebra \(S\) and one of the main topics is \(\mathbb{P}^3_{\mathrm{skly}}=\mathrm{Proj}S\). Apart from quantum \(\mathbb{P}^2\)s substantially less was known about quantum \(\mathbb{P}^3\)s. The authors consider a two-sided noetherian connected graded \(k\)-algebra \(A\), where \(k\) denotes a field. In the category \(\mathrm{Gr}A\) of graded right \(A\)-modules with degree zero module homomorphism they write \(\mathrm{Ext}^i_{\mathrm{Gr}A}(M,N)\) for the extension groups in \(\mathrm{Gr}A\) and define \(\underline{\mathrm{Ext}}^*_{\mathrm{Gr}A}(M,N)=\bigoplus_{i\in \mathbb Z} \mathrm{Ext}^i_{\mathrm{Gr}A}(M,N(i))\). Then a connected Koszul algebra \(A\) and its quadratic dual \(A^{!}\) are taken. In particular, the Auslander property is studied over a connected graded Gorenstein Koszul algebra with Hilbert series \((1-t)^{-4}\). It is shown that a pencil of noncommutative quadric surfaces is similar to that of a generic pencil of quadrics in the commutative projective 3-space. There were found exactly four singular quadrics in the pencil. Their Picard groups and rulings are studied by the authors [``A new Koszul duality, In preparation]. They have found out that a situation may take place when a smooth noncommutative quadric contains an analog of a curve with a self-intersection number \(-2\). While their investigations the authors actively used maximal Cohen-Macaulay modules and noncommutative versions of methods of \textit{R.-O. Buchweitz}, \textit{D. Eisenbud} and \textit{J. Herzog} [in: Singularities, representation of algebras, and vector bundles, Proc. Symp., Lambrecht/Pfalz/FRG 1985, Lect. Notes Math. 1273, 58--95; 96--116 (1987; Zbl 0633.13008)]. The results of the paper may be helpful for further investigations of higher-dimensional noncommutative quadric hypersurfaces.




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