Nonlinear delay-differential equations with small lag
The author investigates the relation between the solutions of the functional differential system \[ y'(t)=F(t,y_{t})\tag{1} \] and the solutions of the ordinary differential system \[ x'(t)=g(t,x(t))\tag{2} \] where \(F:[0,\infty)\times C_0\rightarrow\mathbb{R}^n\) and \(g:[0,\infty)\times\mathbb{R}^n\rightarrow\mathbb{R}^n\) are continuous functions satisfying the ``closeness condition: There exists a continuous function \(\lambda:[0,\infty)\rightarrow[0,\infty)\) such that \[ |F(t,\varphi)-g(t,\varphi(0))|\leq \lambda(t)|\varphi'| \] for any \(C^1\) function \(\varphi:[-q,0]\rightarrow\mathbb{R}^n\). Here, \(C_0 =C([-q,0],\mathbb{R}^n)\) is the usual Banach space of continuous functions equipped with the uniform norm, and \(y_t\) is the usual notation in functional equations. Moreover, it is assumed that \((2)\) is an \(h\)-system (\(h\) a continuous function), in variation with radius of attraction \(\delta\). Under some additional hypotheses, the author proves that for any solution \(y\) of (1), with initial function of uniform norm less than or equal to \(\delta\), there exists a solution \(x\) of (2) such that \[ y=x+h\cdot\tilde o(1), \] where \(\tilde o(1)\) is a convergent function as \(t\rightarrow\infty\). Next, the general result is applied to equations like \[ y'=F(t,y(t)-y(t-r(t))), \] where \(r:[0,\infty)\rightarrow[0,q]\), is a continuous function. Under some assumptions, it is proved that any solution of the previous equation is asymptotically constant. Lastly, it is deduced an asymptotic formula of the solutions of second order delay equation \[ y(t)+c(t)y(t-r(t))=0 \] in terms of the solutions of \[ z(t)+c(t)z(t)=0, \] extending some previous results.
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