Nonlinear unstable neutralized pressure of subsets for partially hyperbolic systems
Let \(M\) be an \(n\)-dimensional smooth, connected, compact Riemannian manifold without boundary. In this paper, the authors introduce the concept of nonlinear unstable neutralized topological pressure on subsets for a \(C^1\) partially hyperbolic diffeomorphism \(f : M \to M\), and then, present the Billingsley-type theorem and subsequently establish a corresponding variational principle.\N\NWe say that \(f\) is a partially hyperbolic diffeomorphism if the tangent bundle \(TM\) has a nontrivial \(Df\)-invariant splitting \(TM = E^s \oplus E^c \oplus E^u\), and there exists some suitable Riemannian metric on \(M\) such that for all unit vectors \(v^\sigma \in E^\sigma(x)\) \((\sigma = s, c, u)\) at every point \(x \in M\), we have \(\|D_xf v^s \| < \|D_xf v^c \| < \|D_xf v^u \|\), and \(\|D_xf|_{E^s(x)} \| < 1\), \(\|D_xf^{-1}|_{E^u(x)} \| < 1\), where we call \(E^s\), \(E^c\), \(E^u\) the stable, center and unstable distributions, respectively (these distributions are Hölder continuous over \(M\)). The stable and unstable distributions are integrable (corresponding stable and unstable foliations \(W^s\) and \(W^u\) satisfy \(TW^s = E^s\) and \(TW^u = E^u\)).\N\NLet \(\mathscr{M}(M)\) be the set of Borel probability measures on \(M\), and let \(\varphi \in C(M, \mathbb{R})\) and \(F \in C(\mathbb{R}, \mathbb{R})\). Denote by \(P^u_B(f, F, \varphi, Z)\) the nonlinear Bowen unstable neutralized topological pressure of \(f\) on the set \(Z \subset M\). Denote by \(\underline{P}^u_{BK}(f, \mu, F, \varphi)\) the nonlinear lower Brin-Katok local unstable neutralized pressure. Denote by \(P^u_K(f, \mu, F, \varphi)\) the nonlinear Katok's unstable neutralized pressure. In this paper, the following results are obtained for a \(C^1\)-partially hyperbolic diffeomorphism \(f\).\N\NLet \(Z \subset M\) be a Borel subset, \(\mu \in \mathscr{M}(M)\), \(\varphi \in C(M, \mathbb{R})\) and \(F \in C(\mathbb{R}, \mathbb{R})\) and \(s \in \mathbb{R}\):\N\N\begin{itemize}\N\N\item If \(\mu(Z) > 0\) and \(\underline{P}^u_{BK}(f, \mu, F, \varphi, x, \epsilon) \geq s\) for every \(x \in Z\), \(\epsilon > 0\), then \(P^u_B(f, F, \varphi, Z) \geq s\).\N\N\item If \(\overline{P}^u_{BK}(f, \mu, F, \varphi, x, \epsilon) \leq s\) for every \(x \in Z\), \(\epsilon > 0\), then \(P^u_B(f, F, \varphi, Z) \leq s\).\N\N\end{itemize}\N\NLet \(Z \subset M\) be a nonempty compact subset, \(\varphi \in C(M, \mathbb{R})\) and \(F \in C(\mathbb{R}, \mathbb{R})\). Then\N\[\N\begin{aligned}\NP^u_B(f, F, \varphi, Z)\N&= \lim_{\epsilon \to 0} \sup \{\underline{P}^u_{BK}(f, \mu, F, \varphi, \epsilon) : \mu \in \mathscr{M}(M) \ (\mu(Z) = 1) \} \\\N&= \lim_{\epsilon \to 0} \sup \{ P^u_K(f, \mu, F, \varphi, \epsilon) : \mu \in \mathscr{M}(M) \ (\mu(Z) = 1) \}.\N\end{aligned}\N\]\N\N\textit{B. Ding} and \textit{T. Wang} [Dyn. Syst. 40, No. 1, 35--55 (2025; Zbl 1562.37022)] generalized topological pressure to a nonlinear setting using classical Bowen balls, and \textit{C. Qu} and \textit{L. Xu} [Qual. Theory Dyn. Syst. 23, No. 5, Paper No. 199, 17 p. (2024; Zbl 1547.37024)] introduced neutralized pressure for non-additive potentials on a topological dynamical system. As the contribution of present paper is emphasized in the text, the authors combine and generalize the above different approaches in this work. By focussing on additive potentials, they incorporate both a nonlinear setting and the unstable manifold structure of partially hyperbolic systems. This yields a unified approach that generalizes and extends the above mentioned results.
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