Nonorientable slice genus can be arbitrarily large

DOI10.4310/MRL.2014.V21.N3.A1MaRDI QIDQ477932zbMATH OpenFDO

Authors Joshua Batson

Publication date 10 December 2014

Published in Mathematical Research Letters (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1204.1985

zbMATH Keywords

cross-sectionfirst Betti numberHeegaard-Floer \(d\)-invariantsignatureslice genus

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Abstract: The nonorientable four-ball genus of a knot K is the smallest first Betti number of any smoothly embedded, nonorientable surface F in B^4 bounding K. In contrast to the orientable four-ball genus, which is bounded below by the Murasugi signature, the Ozsvath-Szabo tau-invariant, the Rasmussen s-invariant, the best lower bound in the literature on the nonorientable four-ball genus for any K is 3. We find a lower bound in terms of the signature of K and the Heegaard-Floer d-invariant of the integer homology sphere given by -1 surgery on K. In particular, we prove that the nonorientable four-ball genus of the torus knot T(2k,2k-1) is k-1.

Review text

Every knot \(K\) in 3-space can be realized as a cross-section of some surface smoothly embedded in 4-space. However, if the surface is required to satisfy certain conditions, including orientability, then there appear obstructions to the realization. In this paper, the author investigates the case when the surface is nonorientable. The main result is that if a knot \(K \subset S^3\) is a cross-section of a smoothly embedded nonorientable surface \(F \subset B^4\), then \(b_1(F) \geq \sigma(K)/2-d(S^3_{-1}(K))\), where \(b_1\) is the first Betti number, \(\sigma\) is the Murasugi signature and \(d\) is the Heegaard-Floer \(d\)-invariant of the integer homology sphere \(S^3_{-1}(K)\) given by \(-1\) surgery on \(K\). This result gives a lower bound of the nonorientable slice genus of a knot \(K\). In particular, if the \((2k, 2k-1)\) torus knot is a cross-section of a smoothly embedded surface \(F \subset \mathbb{R}^4\), then \(b_1(F) \geq 2k-2\). In the proof, the author replaces the non-orientable surface \(F \subset B^4\) with an orientable surface in another manifold by using a result due to Yasuhara, and attaches a \(-1\)-framed 2-handle along \(K\) and removes a neighborhood of a certain surface to obtain a 4-manifold \(W\). Then, by considering the Heegaard-Floer \(d\)-invariants of the two boundaries of \(W\) and using an inequality due to Gordon and Litherland concerning the first Betti number, the signature and the Euler number, the required inequality follows.

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Cited in

(31)

• The nonorientable 4-genus for knots with 8 or 9 crossings
• The rectangular peg problem
• Correction terms and the nonorientable slice genus
• Non-orientable genus of knots in punctured spin 4-manifolds
• Knot graphs and Gromov hyperbolicity
• The concordance crosscap number and rational Witt span of a knot
• Immersed Möbius bands in knot complements
• Nonorientable surfaces in homology cobordisms (with an appendix by Ira M. Gessel)
• On the upsilon invariant and satellite knots
• On a nonorientable analogue of the Milnor conjecture
• Non-orientable genus of a knot in punctured C P^2
• Recent advances on the non-coherent band surgery model for site-specific recombination
• The nonorientable genus is additive
• The reduced knot Floer complex
• Comparing nonorientable three genus and nonorientable four genus of torus knots
• An overview of knot Floer homology
• On eigenvalues of double branched covers
• Instantons and some concordance invariants of knots
• Non-orientable slice surfaces and inscribed rectangles
• On a refinement of the non-orientable 4-genus of Torus knots
• Nonorientable surfaces bounded by knots: a geography problem
• Non-Orientable Lagrangian Fillings of Legendrian Knots
• Nonorientable link cobordisms and torsion order in Floer homologies
• On the nonorientable 4-genus of double twist knots
• Involutions, links, and Floer cohomologies
• Relative genus bounds in indefinite four-manifolds
• Equivariant unknotting numbers of strongly invertible knots
• The non-orientable four-ball genus of a new infinite family of torus knots
• On the nonorientable four-ball genus of torus knots
• On the non-orientable 4-genus of torus knots with braid index 5 or 6
• Crosscap numbers and the Jones polynomial

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