Non-orientable genus of knots in punctured spin 4-manifolds

Abstract: For a closed 4-manifold

X

and a knot

K

in the boundary of punctured

X

, we define

g a m m a_{X}^{0} (K)

to be the smallest first Betti number of non-orientable and null-homologous surfaces in punctured

X

with boundary

K

. Note that

g a m m a_{S^{4}}^{0}

is equal to the non-orientable 4-ball genus and hence

g a m m a_{X}^{0}

is a generalization of the non-orientable 4-ball genus. While it is very likely that for given

X

,

g a m m a_{X}^{0}

has no upper bound, it is difficult to show it. In fact, even in the case of

g a m m a_{S^{4}}^{0}

, its non-boundedness was shown for the first time by Batson in 2012. In this paper, we prove that for any Spin 4-manifold

X

,

g a m m a_{X}^{0}

has no upper bound.

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