Norm Hilbert spaces over Krull valued fields

DOI10.1016/S0019-3577(06)80007-8MaRDI QIDQ2500587zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Publication date 17 August 2006

Published in Indagationes Mathematicae. New Series (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://doi.org/10.1016/s0019-3577(06)80007-8

Hilbert spaces Krull valued fields Lipschitz operators

Topological algebras of operators (46H35) Functional analysis over fields other than (mathbb{R}) or (mathbb{C}) or the quaternions; non-Archimedean functional analysis (46S10)

Review text

One of the branches of \(p\)-adic (or non-archimedean) Functional Analysis is the theory of normed spaces over a Krull valued field whose value group is not real, but a more complicated ordered group. The authors are experts in this subject and responsible for its large progress in recent years. One of the reasons of this progress, with influence in the applications, is the existence of Hilbert-like spaces over Krull valued fields, spaces that are however absent when the ground field has a real-valued non-archimedean valuation. A Krull valued field is a field \(K\) together with a surjective map, called Krull valuation, \(|\;|: K \rightarrow G \cup \{ 0 \}\) (where \(G\) is a linearly ordered abelian group, written multiplicatively, augmented with a zero element \(0\)) that satisfies the properties of a real-valued non-archimedean valuation, replacing \([0,\infty)\) by \(G \cup \{ 0 \}\). Analogously, normed spaces over \(K\) are those whose norms \(\| \;\| \) take values in \(X \cup \{0 \}\) (where \(X\) is a \(G\)-module) and satisfy the properties of a real-valued non-archimedean norm, replacing \([0,\infty)\) by \(X \cup \{ 0 \}\). A Norm Hilbert space (NHS) is a Banach space \(E\) over \(K\) for which each closed subspace \(D\) has an orthogonal complement, i.e., there is a subspace \(S\) such that \(E=D +S\) and \(\| x + y \| = \max (\| x \| , \| y \| )\) for all \(x \in D\), \(y \in S\). The main result of this paper establishes several characterizations of NHS, all of them in terms of orthogonality, which complete the previous ones given by the authors [Bull. Pol. Acad. Sci., Math. 46, No. 3, 233--247 (1998; Zbl 0926.46066) and Lect. Notes Pure Appl. Math. 207, 233--293 (1999; Zbl 0938.46056)]. There they restricted themselves to those \(K\) with a strong countability condition, which among other things implied metrizability. Here they work with far less assumptions, including the case of non-metrizable \(K\). The authors show that, on the one hand, many new, even stronger, facts hold in this new setting and that, on the other hand, some known facts remain valid, but with completely different proofs. As a consequence, they obtain that if \(K\) is non-metrizable, then the NHS are precisely the finite-dimensional normed spaces with an orthogonal base and that if \(K\) is metrizable, then the class of the infinite-dimensional NHS is non-empty and consists precisely of the spaces \(c_0(s):= \{ (\lambda_1, \lambda_2, \ldots) \in K^{\mathbb{N}}: | \lambda_nt| \, s_n \to 0 \}\), equipped with the canonical maximum norm, where \(s:= s_1, s_2, \ldots \) is a sequence in some \(G\)-module satisfying a certain condition.

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