Normal form for second order differential equations

DOI10.1007/S10883-017-9380-9MaRDI QIDQ667824zbMATH OpenOpenAlexWikidataFDO

Authors Ilya Kossovskiy, Dmitri Zaitsev

Publication date 1 March 2019

Published in Journal of Dynamical and Control Systems (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1611.08532

zbMATH Keywords

normal formssecond-order differential equationssymmetries of differential equationsclassification of differential equations

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Symmetries, invariants of ordinary differential equations (34C14) Transformation and reduction of ordinary differential equations and systems, normal forms (34C20)

Abstract: We solve the local equivalence problem for second order (smooth or analytic) ordinary differential equations. We do so by presenting a {em complete convergent normal form} for this class of ODEs. The normal form is optimal in the sense that it is defined up to the automorphism group of the model (flat) ODE $$. For a generic ODE, we also provide a unique normal form. By doing so, we give a solution to a problem which remained unsolved since the work of Arnold. The method can be immediately applied to important classes of second order ODEs, in particular, the Painlev'e equations. As another application of the convergent normal form, we discover distinguished curves associated with a differential equation that we call {em chains}.

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Cited in

(4)

• Open problems for Painlevé equations
• Perturbed Lane-Emden equations as a boundary value problem with singular endpoints
• Normal forms of second-order ordinary differential equations \(y_{xx}=J(x,y,y_x)\) under fibre-preserving maps
• Second-order equations from a second-order formalism

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