Normal forms of para-CR hypersurfaces

DOI10.1016/J.DIFGEO.2017.03.018MaRDI QIDQ2363171zbMATH OpenOpenAlexWikidataFDO

Authors Alessandro Ottazzi, Gerd Schmalz

Publication date 13 July 2017

Published in Differential Geometry and its Applications (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1611.07576

zbMATH Keywords

Chern-Moser normal formODE symmetriespara-CR structures

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

CR manifolds (32V99) Geometric methods in ordinary differential equations (34A26) Contact manifolds (general theory) (53D10)

Abstract: We consider hypersurfaces of finite type in a direct product space ${mathbbR}^{2}imes{mathbbR}^2$, which are analogues to real hypersurfaces of finite type in ${mathbbC}^2$. We shall consider separately the cases where such hypersurfaces are regular and singular, in a sense that corresponds to Levi degeneracy in hypersurfaces in ${mathbbC}^2$. For the regular case, we study formal normal forms and prove convergence by following Chern and Moser. The normal form of such an hypersurface, considered as the solution manifold of a 2nd order ODE, gives rise to a normal form of the corresponding 2nd order ODE. For the degenerate case, we study normal forms for weighted $ell$-jets. Furthermore, we study the automorphisms of finite type hypersurfaces.

Review text

Analogously to real hypersurfaces in \(\mathbb C^2\), the authors study the so-called para-CR hypersurfaces in \(\mathbb R^2\times \mathbb R^2\), represented in coordinates \(x,y,a,b\) by a certain single defining equation \(S: y=F(a,b,x)\) with \(\frac{\partial F}{\partial a}(0,0,0)\neq 0\). In particular, the associated normal forms are investigated by dividing these hypersurfaces into two distinct subclasses of regular and singular ones. It is shown (Theorem 2) that a regular para-CR hypersurface in \(\mathbb R^4\) can be taken into normal form by a certain smooth change of coordinates. Interpreting -- as standard in the CR setting -- the above para-CR hypersurface \(S\) as the space of solutions of a second-order ODE \(y=B(x,y,y')\), with \(a, b\) the parameters of this solution space, leads to a certain normal form for the function \(B(x,y,y')\), as well. More precisely, by means of formerly achieved results, the authors show in Proposition 1 that, for the analytic second-order ODE \[ \begin{cases} y=B(x,y,y'), \\ y(0)=a, \\ y'(0)=b, \end{cases} \] after an appropriate change of coordinates, one may find the following normal form \[ B={y'}^4\sum_{j=0}^\infty \big(B_{0,j}(y)+x \, B_{1,j+4}(y)\big) \,{y'}^j+\sum_{i,j\geq 2}B_{i,j}(y)\,x^i\,{y'}^j. \]

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Cited in

(4)

• Finite type hypersurfaces with divergent normal form
• Special normal form of a hyperbolic CR-manifold in ℂ⁴
• Normal forms of second-order ordinary differential equations \(y_{xx}=J(x,y,y_x)\) under fibre-preserving maps
• Normal form for second order differential equations

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