Normal forms of para-CR hypersurfaces (Q2363171)

Analogously to real hypersurfaces in \(\mathbb C^2\), the authors study the so-called para-CR hypersurfaces in \(\mathbb R^2\times \mathbb R^2\), represented in coordinates \(x,y,a,b\) by a certain single defining equation \(S: y=F(a,b,x)\) with \(\frac{\partial F}{\partial a}(0,0,0)\neq 0\). In particular, the associated normal forms are investigated by dividing these hypersurfaces into two distinct subclasses of regular and singular ones. It is shown (Theorem 2) that a regular para-CR hypersurface in \(\mathbb R^4\) can be taken into normal form by a certain smooth change of coordinates. Interpreting -- as standard in the CR setting -- the above para-CR hypersurface \(S\) as the space of solutions of a second-order ODE \(y''=B(x,y,y')\), with \(a, b\) the parameters of this solution space, leads to a certain normal form for the function \(B(x,y,y')\), as well. More precisely, by means of formerly achieved results, the authors show in Proposition 1 that, for the analytic second-order ODE \[ \begin{cases} y''=B(x,y,y'), \\ y(0)=a, \\ y'(0)=b, \end{cases} \] after an appropriate change of coordinates, one may find the following normal form \[ B={y'}^4\sum_{j=0}^\infty \big(B_{0,j}(y)+x \, B_{1,j+4}(y)\big) \,{y'}^j+\sum_{i,j\geq 2}B_{i,j}(y)\,x^i\,{y'}^j. \]