Normal subgroups of profinite groups of non-negative deficiency.

DOI10.1016/J.JPAA.2013.10.003MaRDI QIDQ392508zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Andrei Jaikin-Zapirain, Aline G. S. Pinto, Fritz Grunewald, Pavel Zalesskij

Publication date 14 January 2014

Published in Journal of Pure and Applied Algebra (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/0810.2027

zbMATH Keywords

Sylow subgroupsprofinite completionsHNN-extensions\(p\)-deficiency of groupscohomological dimensionsfinitely generated normal subgroups of infinite indexfinitely generated profinite groupsPoincaré duality groups

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Free products of groups, free products with amalgamation, Higman-Neumann-Neumann extensions, and generalizations (20E06) Limits, profinite groups (20E18) Generators, relations, and presentations of groups (20F05) Homological methods in group theory (20J05) Subgroup theorems; subgroup growth (20E07) Structure of modular groups and generalizations; arithmetic groups (11F06) Poincaré duality spaces (57P10) Congruence subgroup problems (19B37)

Abstract: We initiate the study of profinite groups of non-negative deficiency. The principal focus of the paper is to show that the existence of a finitely generated normal subgroup of infinite index in a profinite group $G$ of non-negative deficiency gives rather strong consequences for the structure of $G$. To make this precise we introduce the notion of $p$-deficiency ($p$ a prime) for a profinite group $G$. This concept is more useful in the study of profinite groups then the notion of deficiency. We prove that if the $p$-deficiency of $G$ is positive and $N$ is a finitely generated normal subgroup such that the $p$-Sylow subgroup of $G/N$ is infinite and $p$ divides the order of $N$ then we have $c{d}_p(G)=2$, $c{d}_p(N)=1$ and $vc{d}_p(G/N)=1$ for the cohomological $p$-dimensions; moreover either the $p$-Sylow subgroup of $G/N$ is virtually cyclic or the $p$-Sylow subgroup of $N$ is cyclic. A profinite Poincar'e duality group $G$ of dimension 3 at a prime $p$ ($P{D}^3$-group) has deficiency 0. In this case we show that for $N$ and $p$ as above either $N$ is $P{D}^1$ at $p$ and $G/N$ is virtually $P{D}^2$ at $p$ or $N$ is $P{D}^2$ at $p$ and $G/N$ is virtually $P{D}^1$ at $p$. In particular if $G$ is pro-$p$ then either $N$ is infinite cyclic and $G/N$ is virtually Demushkin or $N$ is Demushkin and $G/N$ is virtually infinite cyclic. We apply this results to deduce structural information on the profinite completions of ascending HNN-extensions of free groups. We also give some implications of our theory to the congruence kernels of certain arithmetic groups.

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