Note on delay-inverse systems
Fix a category \(\mathcal{C}\). An inverse system \((X_a,p_{aa'},(A,\preceq))\) in \(\mathcal{C}\) consists of an indexing set \(A\), a relation \(\preceq\) on \(A\) that is pre-ordered and directed, for each \(a\in A\), a coordinate object \(X_a\) in \(\mathrm{Obj}(\mathcal{C})\) is assigned, and whenever \((a,a')\in A^2\) and \(a\preceq a'\), a bonding morphism \(p_{aa'}:X_{a'}\to X_a\) in \(\mathcal{C}\) such that for all \(a\in A\), \(p_{aa}=\mathrm{id}:X_a\to X_a\). It is further required that\N\N\((*)\) whenever \((a,a',a)\in A^3\) and \(a\preceq a'\preceq a\), then \(p_{aa}=p_{aa'}\circ p_{a'a}:X_{a}\to X_a\).\N\NIn [\textit{V. Matijević} and \textit{L. R. Rubin}, Topology Appl. 348, Article ID 108891, 26 p. (2024; Zbl 1541.54008)], the authors introduced a generalization of an inverse system called a delay-inverse system. The only difference between an inverse system and a delay-inverse system is that \((*)\) is replaced by,\N\N\((**)\) for all \(a\in A\), there exists \(a_0\in A\), \(a\preceq a_0\), such that for all \((a',a)\in A^2\) with \(a_0\preceq a'\preceq a\), \(p_{aa}= p_{aa'}\circ p_{a'a}:X_{a}\to X_a\).\N\NIn Section 2, the author remarks that in some preliminary notes of the authors V. Matijević and L. Rubin mentioned above, the notion of a category, denoted \(\mathrm{Dpro}\)-\(\mathcal{C}\), of delay-inverse systems was put forth. It is stated that the category \(\mathrm{pro}\)-\(\mathcal{C}\) of inverse systems [\textit{S. Mardešić} and \textit{J. Segal}, Shape theory. The inverse system approach. Amsterdam - New York - Oxford: North-Holland Publishing Company (1982; Zbl 0495.55001)] then is a subcategory of \(\mathrm{Dpro}\)-\(\mathcal{C}\). Based on that idea, Proposition 1 of Section 3 can be stated.\N\N\textbf{Proposition 1.} For every \(\mathbf{X}\in\mathrm{Obj}(\mathrm{Dpro}\)-\(\mathcal{C})\) and any cofinal subset \(A'\subset A\), the system \(\mathbf{X}'\) where \((A,\preceq)\) is replaced by \((A',\preceq)\), also lies in \(\mathrm{Obj}(\mathrm{Dpro}\)-\(\mathcal{C})\) and is isomorphic to \(\mathbf{X}\) via what is called a restriction morphism.\N\NThe next result from Section 3 is a version of what is sometimes called the ``Mardešić Trick.\N\N\textbf{Proposition 2.} Every \(\mathbf{X}\in\mathrm{Obj}(\mathrm{Dpro}\)-\(\mathcal{C})\) is isomorphic in \(\mathrm{Dpro}\)-\(\mathcal{C}\) to an element \(\mathbf{Y}\in\mathrm{Obj}(\mathrm{Dpro}\)-\(\mathcal{C})\) whose indexing set \((B,\preceq_1)\) is cofinite, \(\mathrm{card}(B)\leq\mathrm{card}(A)\), each coordinate object of \(\mathbf{Y}\) is also a coordinate object of \(\mathbf{X}\), and each bonding morphism of \(\mathbf{Y}\) is also a bonding morphism of \(\mathbf{X}\).\N\NSeveral additional technical results are also accomplished in Section 3, but we shall not list them here. They are needed in preparation for Section 4, the last section of the paper. Here are two of the main results from it.\N\N\textbf{Theorem 1.} Every \(\mathbf{X}\in\mathrm{Obj}(\mathrm{Dpro}\)-\(\mathcal{C})\) is isomorphic in \(\mathrm{Dpro}\)-\(\mathcal{C}\) to an element \(\mathbf{Y}\in\mathrm{Obj}(\mathrm{pro}\)-\(\mathcal{C})\) (hence \(\mathbf{Y}\) is an inverse system) where each coordinate object of \(\mathbf{Y}\) is also a coordinate object of \(\mathbf{X}\), and each bonding morphism of \(\mathbf{Y}\) is also a bonding morphism of \(\mathbf{X}\). Moreover, if the indexing set of \(\mathbf{X}\) is countable, then one can choose the the indexing set of \(\mathbf{Y}\) in such a manner that \(\mathbf{Y}\) is a subsystem of \(\mathbf{X}\).\N\N\textbf{Theorem 2.} Let \(\{\mathbf{X},\mathbf{Y}\}\subset\mathrm{Obj}(\mathrm{pro}\)-\(\mathcal{C})\). If \(\mathbf{X}\) and \(\mathbf{Y}\) are isomorphic in \(\mathrm{Dpro}\)-\(\mathcal{C}\), then they are isomorphic in \(\mathrm{pro}\)-\(\mathcal{C}\).
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