Note on quantum unique ergodicity

DOI10.1090/S0002-9939-03-07298-8MaRDI QIDQ4461178zbMATH OpenFDO

Publication date 29 March 2004

Published in Proceedings of the American Mathematical Society (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/math-ph/0301035

ergodicity Laplacian Riemannian manifold

General topics in linear spectral theory for PDEs (35P05) PDEs in connection with quantum mechanics (35Q40) Pseudodifferential and Fourier integral operators on manifolds (58J40) Spectral problems; spectral geometry; scattering theory on manifolds (58J50)

Abstract: This short note proves that a Laplacian cannot be quantum uniquely ergodic if it possesses a quasimode of order zero which (i) has a singular limit, and (ii) is a linear combination of a uniformly bounded number of eigenfunctions (modulo an o(1) error). Bouncing ball quasimodes of the stadium are believed to have this property (E.J. Heller et al) and so are analogous quasimodes recently constructed by H. Donnelly on certain non-positively curved surfaces. The main ingredient is the proof that all sequences of off-diagonal matrix elements of QUE systems with vanishing spectral gaps tend to zero.

Review text

Let \( \Delta \) be the Laplace operator on a compact Riemannian manifold \(M\) and let \( \varphi _{j} \) be an orthonormal basis of eigenfunctions. By definition \(\Delta \) is ``QUE (which means ``quantum unique ergodicity) if \( \langle \Delta \varphi _{j} , \varphi _{j} \rangle \rightarrow \int_{ S ^{\ast} M} \sigma _{\Delta } d L\) where \(dL\) is the normalized Liouville measure on the unit co-tangent bundle. The main result is the following. Assume that \(\Delta \) is QUE and let \(\{(\lambda _{i_{r}}, \lambda _{j_{r}}), i _{r}\neq j _{r}\}\) be a sequence of pairs of eigenvalues of \(\sqrt{\Delta }\) such that \( \lambda _{i_{r}}- \lambda _{j_{r}} \rightarrow 0\) as \( r \rightarrow \infty\). Then \( d \Phi _{i _{r}, j_{r}} \rightarrow 0\), where the distribution \( d \Phi _{i _{r}, j_{r}} \in {\mathcal D} '(S ^{\ast} M)\) is defined by \( \langle Op(a) \varphi _{i} , \varphi _{j} \rangle = \int_{ S ^{\ast} M} \text{ad} \Phi _{i,j}\) when \( a \in {\mathcal C}^{\infty} (S ^{\ast} M)\). The results improve an earlier result of the same author.

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