Notes on approximation

Let \({\mathcal S}_ r\) be the linear space of all splines of order \(\leq r\) on \({\mathbb{R}}\). For two splines \(S,S_ 1\in {\mathcal S}_ r,S\) is said (*) at least as smooth as \(S_ 1\) if S has all derivatives of orders \(\leq m\) at \(x\in {\mathbb{R}}\) whenever \(S_ 1\) has these derivatives at x. S is said (**) at least as smooth as \(S_ 1\) if S has the derivative of order m at \(x\in {\mathbb{R}}\) whenever \(S_ 1\) has this derivative at x. A subspace \({\mathcal S}\) of \({\mathcal S}_ r\) has the smoothness property (*) (or (**)) if \(S_ 1\in {\mathcal S}\) implies \(S\in {\mathcal S}\) for each S that is (*) (or (**)) at least as smooth as \(S_ 1\). The first theorem says that a subspace \({\mathcal S}\) of \({\mathcal S}_ r\) is a Schoenberg (or a Birkhoff) spline space if and only if it is (*) (or (**)) smooth and is closed with respect to the uniform convergence of compact sets. The second theorem gives a Bernstein-type inequality for exponential sums.

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