Null ideals and spanning ranks of matrices
Let \(R\) be a commutative ring with identity and \(A\in M_{m \times n}(R)\). The spanning rank \(\text{sr}(A)\) of \(A\) is the smallest positive integer \(s\) for which \(A=PQ(m\times s, s\times n)\). If \(R\) is a field, then the spanning rank of \(A\) is just the classical rank of \(A\). For a commutative ring \(R\) and \(A\in M_{m\times n}(R)\), let \(I_t(A)\) denote the ideal in \(R\) generated by all \(t\times t\) minors of \(A\), then the McCoy rank of \(A\) is defined as \(\text{rk}(A)=\max \{t| \text{Ann}(I_t(A))=(0)\}\). It is evident that \(\text{rk} (A)\leq\text{sr}(A)\). In the first section of this paper, it is shown that if \(R\) is a field, a PID, a regular local ring of Krull dimension less than or equal to two or a polynomial ring over a field in two variables, then \(\text{sr}(A)= \text{rk}(A)\). The author also shows that the spanning rank does not localize well even for Dedekind domains. An example shows that the \(\text{sr}_R(A)\) is strictly greater than all the \(\text{sr}_{R_P}(A)\) where \(P\in \text{Spec}(R)\). Let \(X\) be an indeterminate over \(R\) and \(A\in M_{n\times n}(R)\). The null ideal \(N_A\) is defined as \(N_A=\{f(X)\in R[X]| f(A)=0\}\). If \(A=PQ(n\times s,s\times n)\) is a spanning rank factorization of a square matrix (i.e. \(s=\text{sr}(A)\)) and \(D=QP\), then \(D\) is called a spanning rank partner of \(A\). In the second part of this paper, the null ideals \(N_A\) and \(N_D\) are compared. It is shown that if \(R\) is a PID and \(A\neq 0\), then \(N_A=N_D\) if \(s=n\) and \(N_A=XN_D\) if \(s<n\). This result sometimes (e.g. \(slll n\)) makes the computation of \(N_A\) easy.
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