Numerical Methods for Bifurcations of Dynamical Equilibria

DOI10.1137/1.9780898719543MaRDI QIDQ4937706zbMATH OpenOpenAlexWikidataFDO

Publication date 13 February 2000

Full work available at URL https://doi.org/10.1137/1.9780898719543

bifurcation theory differentiable dynamical systems numerical solutions

Research exposition (monographs, survey articles) pertaining to dynamical systems and ergodic theory (37-02) Computational methods for bifurcation problems in dynamical systems (37M20) Research exposition (monographs, survey articles) pertaining to numerical analysis (65-02) Numerical bifurcation problems (65P30)

Review text

The book describes numerical methods for the detection, computation, continuation of equilibria and bifurcation points of equilibria of dynamical systems. It is meant for those who want to apply numerical methods to bifurcation and problems of dynamical systems. It is assumed that the reader is familiar with the basic techniques in analysis, numerical analysis and linear algebra as they are usually taught in undergraduate courses in science and engineering. Two introductory chapters are devoted to basic information on dynamical systems, numerical analysis and manifold theory and contain examples from population dynamics and combustion theory allowing to discuss the notions of limit points, Hopf bifurcation, stability, symmetry breaking and numerical continuation methods. Chapter 3 studies bordered matrices to obtain numerically computable local defining systems for manifolds of matrices with prescribed rank defect or Jordan type. In Chapter 4 several methods are discussed to compute codimension-1 equilibrium bifurcations -- limit points and Hopf points. For the case of limit points the classical Moore-Spence system using the tangent vector as an additional unknown is applied to compute turning points in a one-dimensional Brusselator model (discretized PDEs). In the Hopf points case several methods with \(3n+2, 2n+2\) and \(n+2\) unknowns are discussed. The relation with Bogdanov-Takens points and zero-sum pairs of eigenvalues is established. Then Hopf bifurcations with the use of the bialternate product of matrices are discussed -- the recently revived method which avoids the use of the imaginary part of the Hopf eigenvalue in their characterization. Linearly determined bifurcations are considered in Chapter 5, basically three codimension-2 bifurcations: Bogdanov-Takens (two zero eigenvalues of geometric multiplicity 1), zero Hopf (zero eigenvalue and Hopf pair \({\pm}iw, w>0\)) and double Hopf \(({\pm}iw_{1},{\pm}iw_{2},w_{1},w_{2}>0\)). The numerical methods use bordered matrices and are based on the properties of the corresponding manifolds of matrices. The link is established between the regularity of the defining systems, transversality properties of matrix manifolds and genericity of the natural unfoldings. The methods are generalized to higher-order cases, including all codimension-3 cases. Chapter 6 discusses singularity theory with no distinguished bifurcation parameter, i.e. the numerical study of the local geometric structure of the solutions of the equation \(G(x,\alpha)=0\) near limit points. The main computational tool here is the generalized Lyapunov-Schmidt reduction. In Chapter 7 singularities with a distinguished bifurcation parameter are considered (\(\lambda\)-singularities). The computational examples here are based on the generalized Lyapunov-Schmidt reduction and explicitly given lists of defining conditions and nondegeneracy conditions for the \(\lambda\)-singularities. Chapter 8 deals with the case of equivariant dynamical systems. Numerical methods here are discussed in the simplest case of \({\mathbb Z_{2}}\)-symmetry both for the cases of corank 1 (symmetry breaking) and corank 2 (mode interaction). The discussion of other symmetry groups is more sketchy being a more group theoretical problem. However it is shown the use of symmetry-adapted bases and of symmetry-adapted borderings for a given isotropy subgroup of a given group. That allows to compute the branching phenomena in the fundamental cases covered by the equivariant branching lemma. Chapter 9 discusses nonlinearly defined bifurcations, more complicated than in Chapter 6: generalized Hopf of codimension 2, double and triple equilibrium bifurcation points of codimension 3. The concluding Chapter 10 gives some remarks for the case of large dynamical systems, typically arising from discretization of PDEs. The book under review gives a good contemporary survey of numerical methods in bifurcation theory of dynamical systems.

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