On Closure Operators, the Reals, and Choice

DOI10.2989/16073600409486090MaRDI QIDQ4661998zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Eraldo Giuli, Horst Herrlich

Publication date 30 March 2005

Published in Quaestiones Mathematicae (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://doi.org/10.2989/16073600409486090

zbMATH Keywords

\(k\)-spaceaxiom of countable choiceclosure operatorsequential space

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Axiom of choice and related propositions (03E25) Topological spaces and generalizations (closure spaces, etc.) (54A05) (k)-spaces (54D50) Sequential spaces (54D55)

Review text

The authors consider four closure operators defined by the following conditions: (1)~\(x\in\kappa_X(A)\) iff every neighbourhood of \(x\) meets \(A\). (2)~\(x\in\sigma_X(A)\) iff there exists a sequence in \(A\) that converges to \(x\). (3)~\(x\in\gamma_X(A)\) iff there exists a compact subspace \(C\) of \(X\) with \(x\in\kappa_X(A\cap C)\). (4)~\(x\in\lambda_X(A)\) iff there exists a Lindelöf subspace \(L\) of \(X\) with \(x\in\kappa_X(A\cap L)\). In ZFC the equalities \(\sigma_X=\gamma_X=\lambda_X=\kappa_X\) hold for any subspace \(X\) of the real line \(R\). Those equalities cannot be proved in ZF, i.e., in Zermelo-Fraenkel set theory without the axiom of choice. For example, the condition: \(\sigma_X=\gamma_X\) for all \(X\subset R\) is equivalent to CC(R), the axiom of countable choice for subsets of \(R\).

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Cited in

(1)

• scientific article; zbMATH DE number 175643 (Why is no real title available?)

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