On Dedekind sums with equal values

DOI10.1142/S1793042116500287MaRDI QIDQ2789376zbMATH OpenFDO

Authors Kurt Girstmair

Publication date 29 February 2016

Published in International Journal of Number Theory (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1404.4428

zbMATH Keywords

Dedekind sumthree-term relation

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Dedekind eta function, Dedekind sums (11F20)

Abstract: Dedekind sums $s(m,n)$ occur in many fields of mathematics. Since $s(m_1,n)=s(m_2,n)$ if $m_{1}equiv{m}_2$ mod $n$, it is natural to ask which of the Dedekind sums $s(m,n)$, $0lem<n$, take equal values. So far no simple criterion is known by which the equality of $s(m_1,n)$ and $s(m_2,n)$ could be decided. In this note we show how to obtain non-obvious examples of equal Dedekind sums. We consider two cases which mark the extreme possibilities for the argument $n$, namely, $n$ a prime power and $n$ square-free. Whereas we can give a partial overview of equal Dedekind sums in the prime power case, such an overview seems to be much more difficult to obtain in the square-free case.

Review text

The paper under review considers the classical Dedekind sum defined for \(n\in\mathbb N\), \(m\in\mathbb Z\) with \((m,n)=1\) by NEWLINE\[NEWLINEs(m,n)=\sum_{k=1}^n\left(\left(\frac{k}{n}\right)\right)\left(\left(\frac{mk}{n}\right)\right),NEWLINE\]NEWLINE where \(((\cdots))\) is the function defined by NEWLINE\[NEWLINE(t)=\begin{cases} t-[t]-\frac{1}{2}&\quad \text{if }t\in\mathbb R\setminus\mathbb Z,\\ 0 &\quad\text{if }t\in\mathbb Z,\end{cases}NEWLINE\]NEWLINE and asks when these sums for different \(m\)'s are equal. Two cases of \(n\) are treated in this paper, namely, \(n\) a prime power and \(n\) square-free.NEWLINENEWLINEFor the prime power case, we have the following theorem, which is a weaker version of Rademacher's result.NEWLINENEWLINETheorem 1. Let \(d,n\in\mathbb N\), \(m\in\mathbb Z\) with \((m,n)=1\) and \(\varepsilon\in\{\pm 1\}\). Then NEWLINE\[NEWLINES(\varepsilon+dnm,dn^2)=\varepsilon\left(\frac{2}{dn^2}+d-3\right),NEWLINE\]NEWLINE where \(S(m,n)=12s(m,n)\). A different proof of Theorem 1 (Rademacher's) using the three-term relation for Dedekind sums is given, and three corollaries of this theorem are also stated.NEWLINENEWLINEFor the square-free case, the following holds.NEWLINENEWLINECorollary 4. Let \(t\in\mathbb N\) and \(t^2+4=qk^2\), where \(q\) is square-free and \(k\in\mathbb Z\). Let \(p_1,\dots,p_r\) be distinct prime numbers \(\geq 3\) such that \(p_j\nmid k\) and \((\frac{q}{p_j})\) for \(j=1,\dots,r\), where \((\frac{\cdot\cdot}{\cdot\cdot})\) is the Legendre symbol. Put \(n=p_1\cdots p_r\). Then there are \(2^r\) distinct numbers \(m\) with \(0\leq m<n\) and \((m,n)=1\) such that NEWLINE\[NEWLINES(1+mt,\,nt)=\frac{2}{nt}+\frac{t}{n}-3.NEWLINE\]NEWLINE The proof is given by using a theorem that was obtained by the author in [Int. J. Number Theory 10, No. 5, 1241--1244 (2014; Zbl 1296.11027)].

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Cited in

(14)

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