On Laplacian eigenvalue equation with constant Neumann boundary data

DOI10.1007/S00208-024-02873-1MaRDI QIDQ6418672zbMATH OpenFDO

Authors Yong Huang, Qinfeng Li, Qiuqi Li, Ruofei Yao

Publication date 28 November 2022

Full work available at URL https://doi.org/10.1007/S00208-024-02873-1

Abstract: Let

O m e g a

be a bounded Lipshcitz domain in

m a t h b b R^{n}

and we study boundary behaviors of solutions to the Laplacian eigenvalue equation with constant Neumann data. �egin{align} label{cequation0} �egin{cases} -Delta u=cuquad &mbox{in

O m e g a

}\ frac{partial u}{partial u}=-1quad &mbox{on

p a r t i a l O m e g a

}. end{cases} end{align}First, by using properties of Bessel functions and proving new inequalities on elementary symmetric polynomials, we obtain the following inequality for rectangular boxes, balls and equilateral triangles: �egin{align} label{bbb} lim_{c ightarrow mu_2^-}cint_{partial Omega}u_c, dsigmage frac{n-1}{n}frac{P^2(Omega)}{|Omega|}, end{align}with equality achieved only at cubes and balls. In the above,

u_{c}

is the solution to the eigenvalue equation and

m u_{2}

is the second Neumann Laplacian eigenvalue. Second, let

k a p p a_{1}

be the best constant for the Poincar'e inequality with mean zero on

p a r t i a l O m e g a

, and we prove that

k a p p a_{1} l e m u_{2}

, with equality holds if and only if

i n t_{p a r t i a l O m e g a} u_{c}, d s i g m a > 0

for any

c i n (0, m u_{2})

. As a consequence,

k a p p a_{1} = m u_{2}

on balls, rectangular boxes and equilateral triangles, and balls maximize

k a p p a_{1}

over all Lipschitz domains with fixed volume. As an application, we extend the symmetry breaking results from ball domains obtained in Bucur-Buttazzo-Nitsch[J. Math. Pures Appl., 2017], to wider class of domains, and give quantitative estimates for the precise breaking threshold at balls and rectangular boxes. It is a direct consequence that for domains with

k a p p a_{1} < m u_{2}

, the above boundary limit inequality is never true, while whether it is valid for domains on which

k a p p a_{1} = m u_{2}

remains open.

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