On a problem of Matkowski

DOI10.4064/CM-82-1-117-123MaRDI QIDQ4939419zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Publication date 25 April 2000

Published in Colloquium Mathematicum (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://eudml.org/doc/210744

continuous strictly monotonic functions convexity functional equations

Continuity and related questions (modulus of continuity, semicontinuity, discontinuities, etc.) for real functions in one variable (26A15) Monotonic functions, generalizations (26A48) Convexity of real functions in one variable, generalizations (26A51) Functional equations for real functions (39B22)

Review text

Let \(\phi\) and \(\psi\) be real-valued continuous strictly monotonic functions defined on a real interval \(I\) and define on \(I^2\) \[ A_{\phi}(x,y)=\phi^{-1}(\frac{\phi(x)+\phi(y)}{2}) \] (and similarly \(A_\psi\)). The authors prove that there exist constants \(a\neq 0\), \(c\neq 0\), \(p\neq 0,\) and \(b,d\) such that \(\phi(x)=ax+b, \psi(x)=cx+d\) or \(\phi(x)=a e^{px}+b, \psi(x)= ce^{-px}+d\) if, and only if (i) \(A_{\phi}(x,y)+A_{\psi}(x,y)=x+y\), and (ii) \(A_\phi-A_\psi\) is everywhere positive or everywhere negative or everywhere 0 on \(I^2.\) They conjecture that condition (ii) can be dropped. That would answer a problem which \textit{J. Matkowski} [Aequationes Math. 57, No. 1, 87-107 (1999; Zbl 0930.26014)] posed (and solved under second-order continuous differentiability conditions). Remark: The authors follow the general malpractice of denoting \(f(x)^2\) by \(f^2(x)\) but the value of the inverse function of \(f\) at \(x\) (and not \(f(x)^{-1}\)) by \(f^{-1}(x)\).

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