On a question of Pietsch

Isometric theory of Banach spaces (46B04) Local theory of Banach spaces (46B07) Probabilistic methods in Banach space theory (46B09) Classical Banach spaces in the general theory (46B25)

Abstract: The main result is that a finite dimensional normed space embeds isometrically in

e l l_{p}

if and only if it has a discrete Levy

p

-representation. This provides an alternative answer to a question raised by Pietch, and as a corollary, a simple proof of the fact that unless

p

is an even integer, the two-dimensional Hilbert space

e l l_{2}^{2}

is not isometric to a subspace of

e l l_{p}

. The situation for

e l l_{q}^{2}

with

q e q 2

turns out to be much more restrictive. The main result combined with a result of Dor provides a proof of the fact that if

q e q 2

then

e l l_{q}^{2}

is not isometric to a subspace of

e l l_{p}

unless

q = p

. Further applications concerning restrictions on the degree of smoothness of finite dimensional subspaces of

e l l_{p}

are included as well.

Review text

The question of Pietsch alluded to in the title of the paper is the following. Which finite-dimensional subspaces of \(L_p[0,1]\) are isometric to subspaces of~\(\ell_p\)? (Regrettably, Pietsch's name is constantly misspelled in this paper, and even more regrettably, no referee or editor seemed to care.) The question was answered by \textit{F.~Delbaen} et al. [Positivity 2, No. 4, 339--367 (1998; Zbl 0934.46008)] who distinguished whether or not \(p\) is an even integer, and they were even able to treat the case of infinite-dimensional subspaces. Here, the author gives an alternative answer building on the notion of discrete Lévy \(p\)-representation. A finite-dimensional normed space \(F\) has a discrete Lévy \(p\)-representation if there exist a linear isomorphism \(J: F\to \mathbb R^n\) and an even atomic measure \(\xi\) on the unit sphere \(S^{n-1}\) of \(\mathbb R^n\) such that \[ \|x\|^p = \int_{S^{n-1}} |\langle Jx, v\rangle|^p \,d\xi(v) \] for all \(x\). The main result of the paper is Theorem~2 saying that a finite-dimensional normed space is isometric to a subspace of \(\ell_p\) if and only if it has a discrete Lévy \(p\)-representation. As a corollary the author obtains, for \(q\neq2\) and \(n\ge2\), that \(\ell_q^n\) embeds isometrically into \(\ell_p\) if and only if \(p=q\).

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