On a singular Robin problem with convection terms

Abstract: In this paper, the existence of smooth positive solutions to a Robin boundary-value problem with non-homogeneous differential operator and reaction given by a nonlinear convection term plus a singular one is established. Proofs chiefly exploit sub-super-solution and truncation techniques, set-valued analysis, recursive methods, nonlinear regularity theory, as well as fixed point arguments. A uniqueness result is also presented.

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The authors consider the following Robin problem: \[ \begin{aligned} & - \operatorname{div} a(\nabla u) = f(x,u,\nabla u) + g(x,u) & & \text{in } \Omega, \\ & u > 0 & & \text{in } \Omega, \\ & \frac{\partial u}{\partial v_a} + \beta u^{p-1} = 0 & & \text{on } \partial \Omega, \end{aligned} \] where \(\Omega \subset {\mathbb{R}}^N\), \(N \geq 3\), is a bounded domain with \(C^2\) boundary. The main result is to prove the existence with appropriate assumptions on \(f\), \(g\), and \(a\). A uniqueness result is also presented. The problem combines several interesting features. The differential operator appears in general form and includes non-homogeneous cases. The function \(f\) depends on both \(u\) and \(\nabla u\), meaning there are nonlinear convection terms. The function \(g\) can be singular at zero. And of course the problem is a Robin problem rather than a Dirichlet problem. The proofs make use of sub-super-solution and truncation techniques, set-valued analysis, recursive methods, nonlinear regularity theory, and fixed point arguments.

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