On a system of functional equations

Iteration of real functions in one variable (26A18) Functional equations in the complex plane, iteration and composition of analytic functions of one complex variable (30D05) Iteration theory, iterative and composite equations (39B12) Functional inequalities, including subadditivity, convexity, etc. (39B62)

Review text

Motivated by the theory of generalized Appel sequences when looking for the square roots of the Laguerre sequence, the authors study the system of functional equations (1) \(H(H(t))=t/(t-1)\); (2) \(G(t)G(H(t))=(1- t)^{-\alpha -1}\), \(\alpha >-1\), in the class of formal power series (3) \(H(t)=\sum^{\infty}_{k=1}h_ kt^ k\), \(G(t)=\sum^{\infty}_{k=0}g_ kt^ k\) with complex coefficients. The following theorem is proved: The formal power series (3) satisfy the system of equations (1), (2), if and only if \(H(t)=\phi^{-1}(\eta \phi (t))\), \(G(t)=((1-t)/(1- H(t)))^{(-\alpha -1)/2}\cdot G^*(t)\) where: \(\eta =+i\) or \(\eta =-i\); \(\phi (t)=B(t)-B(t/(t-1))\), B arbitrary formal power series with B'(0)\(\neq 0\); either \(G^*(t)=\epsilon \frac{L(t)L(H^ 2(t))}{L(H(t))L(H^ 3(t))}\) with \(\epsilon =+1\) or \(\epsilon =-1\) and L arbitrary formal power series with L(0)\(\neq 0\), or \(G^*(t)=\sigma \exp U(\phi (t))\) where \(\sigma =+1\) or \(\sigma =-1\) and U is an arbitrary formal power series of the form \(U(t)=\sum^{\infty}_{k=0}u_ kt^{4k+2}\).

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