On almost interpolation by multivariate splines

Let \(U\) be an \(n\)-dimensional subspace of real functions defined on \(K\subset \mathbb{R}^k\). The set \(T=\{t_1, \dots, t_n\} \subset K\) is an interpolation set (I-set) with respect to \(U\) if for any given data \(\{y_1, \dots, y_n\}\) there exists a unique \(u\in U\) satisfying \(u(t_i)= y_i\), \(i=1, \dots,n\). For the univariate case \((k=1)\) the problem of characterizing I-sets, with \(U\) a spline space, is solved in terms of the interlacing property due to Schoenberg and Whitney. The corresponding theory and methods to characterize I-sets in the multivariate case are considered in the present survey. The paper has a section containing some results on univariate spline interpolation. There are the interlacing property, the support property and two other conditions given in terms of the restriction of \(U\) to certain knot intervals. Mostly this survey is devoted to the new concept of almost (multivariate) interpolation introduced by two of the authors. Definition \(A\) set \(T=\{t_1, \dots, t_s\} \subset K\), \(s\leq\dim U\) is an almost interpolation set (AI-set) with respect to \(U\) if for any system of neighborhoods \(B_i\) of \(t_i\), \(i=1, \dots,s\) there exist points \(t_i'\in B_i\) such that \(T'=\{t_1', \dots, t_s'\}\) is an interpolation set with respect to \(U\). In this respect the paper surveys some recent results on the problem of characterizing AI-set w.r.t. finite-dimensional subspaces \(U\) of multivariate functions defined on polyhedral partitions in \(\mathbb{R}^k\) and on topological spaces. The latter has been studied by the first author with the help of the ``local dimension concept. The article also deals with almost Chebyshev systems and with the problem of finding simple methods for transforming AI-sets \(T\) into I-sets in some neighborhood of \(T\). For the entire collection see [Zbl 0874.00037].

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