On completeness of foliated structures, and null Killing fields
Let \((M,\nabla)\) be a (connected) compact smooth manifold equipped with a smooth affine connection on the tangent bundle \(TM\). A natural question is: under what conditions on the pair \((M,\nabla)\) is the manifold geodesically complete, meaning every geodesic is defined on \(\mathbb{R}\)? When \(\nabla\) is the Levi-Civita connection of a smooth Riemannian metric \(g\) on \(M\), such a couple is geodesically complete. However, for non-Riemannian metrics, for instance in Lorentzian signature, this statement does not hold in general, making the study more rich.\N\NIn this paper, the authors introduce foliated versions of completeness problems. Namely, they consider a triple \((M, \mathcal{F}, \nabla_{\mathcal{F}})\), where \(M\) is a compact manifold, \(\mathcal{F}\) a foliation of \(M\), and \(\nabla_{\mathcal{F}}\) a smooth affine connection defined on \(T\mathcal{F}\). Are there natural (geometric) settings in which the leaves of \(\mathcal{F}\) are geodesically complete?\N\NThey consider two different natural geometric settings: the first one is the case of a totally geodesic light-like foliation of a compact Lorentzian manifold, and the second one is the case where the leaves have particular affine structures. In the first case, they characterize the completeness by showing that the leaves of \(\mathcal{F}\) are geodesically complete with respect to the induced connection if and only if the null geodesics in the leaves of \(\mathcal{F}\) are complete. In particular, this implies that if a compact Lorentzian manifold admits a null Killing field \(V\) such that the distribution orthogonal to \(V\) is integrable, then it defines a (totally geodesic) foliation with complete leaves. In the second case, they give a completeness result for a specific affine structure called the unimodular affine light-like geometry.
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