On differential systems with strongly indefinite variational structure

Abstract: We obtain multiplicity results for a class of first-order superquadratic Hamiltonian systems and a class of indefinite superquadratic elliptic systems which lead to the study of strongly indefinite functionals. There is no assumption to the effect that the nonlinear terms have to satisfy the Ambrosetti-Rabinowitz superquadratic condition. To establish the existence of solutions, a new version of the symmetric mountain pass theorem for strongly indefinite functionals is presented in this paper. This theorem is subsequently applied to deal with cases where all the Palais-Smale sequences of the energy functional may be unbounded.

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Let \(X\) be a separable Hilbert space which admits an orthogonal decomposition \(X=X^+\oplus X^-\), \(P^{\pm}:X\to X^{\pm}\) are orthogonal projections. The present paper is devoted to the study of the multiplicity of critical points to the following strongly indefinite functional \[ \Phi(u)=\frac{1}{2}(\|P^+u\|^2-\|P^-u\|^2)-\Psi(u), \] where \(\Psi(u)\in C^1(X,\mathbb{R})\) is bounded from below, weakly sequentially lower semicontinuous, and \(\Psi^\prime\) is weakly sequentially continuous. The authors establish two critical point theorems which are related to the fountain theorem and its dual version. Moreover, these two theorems are applied to the differential systems with strongly indefinite variational structures, such as infinitely dimensional Hamiltonian systems and elliptic systems of Hamiltonian type.

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