On explicit relations between cyclotomic numbers
The author gives an algorithm for finding all relations among cyclotomic numbers of the form \(1-\varepsilon_n^k\), where \(\varepsilon_n\) is a primitive \(n\)th root of unity and \(k\not\equiv 0\pmod n\). There are obvious relations obtained from relative norms and the action of complex conjugation. There are also other relations not generated by these, discovered by \textit{V. Ennola} [J. Number Theory 4, 236-247 (1972; Zbl 0236.12005)]. The present author gives an algorithm for constructing all of these extra relations for any fixed \(n\). The author works in the more general context of computing \(\sigma\) bases. Let \(\sigma\) be an involution acting on a free abelian group \(M\). A \(\sigma\) basis is a triple \([E^0, E^+, E^-]\) such that \(E^0\cup \sigma E^0\cup E^- \cup E^+\) is a disjoint union and forms a basis of \(M\), and such that \(\sigma\) acts as \(+1\) on \(E^+\) and as \(-1\) on \(E^-\). The algorithm in the paper computes \(\sigma\) bases for general finitely generated \(M\). It is easy to reduce the problem of computing extra relations to a computation of certain \(\sigma\) bases. The techniques of the paper are also applied to relative cyclotomic units and to Stickelberger ideals.
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