On functional equations of Euler systems

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The authors establish a functional equation for vertical determinant systems over a number field, as introduced in [Int. Math. Res. Not. 2021, No. 13, 10118--10206 (2021; Zbl 1496.11132)], and, under suitable hypotheses, deduce the existence of a higher-rank Euler system interpolating values of Dedekind zeta functions at positive even integers. They further formulate a conjectural generalisation of the Coleman-Ihara formula (see \textit{Y. Ihara} [Ann. Math. (2) 123, 43--106 (1986; Zbl 0595.12003)]).\N\NLet \(K\) be a number field and \(p\) a prime. Fix an abelian (typically infinite) extension \(\mathcal{K}\) of \(K\). The module of vertical determinant systems \(VS(T,\mathcal{K})\), associated to \(\mathcal{K}\) and a \(p\)-adic representation \(T\) over \(K\), is defined as the inverse limit, taken over all finite extensions \(F\) of \(K\) contained in \(\mathcal{K}\), of the duals of the Knudsen-Mumford determinants of the compactly supported cohomology complexes\N\[\NR\Gamma_c(\mathcal{O}_{F,S(F)}, T^{\ast}(1)).\N\]\NHere \(T^{\ast}(1)\) denotes the Kummer dual of \(T\), and \(S(F)\) denotes the set of all ``bad places, namely the archimedean, \(p\)-adic, and ramified places (both those associated to \(T\) and those arising in \(F/K\)). \par\N\NThe authors also introduce a local variant \(VS^{\mathrm{loc}}(T,\mathcal{K})\), involving the completions of \(K\) at all finite places in \(S\). Their principal result is the construction of a canonical isomorphism of \(R\)-modules\N\[\NVS^{\mathrm{loc}}(T,\mathcal{K}) \simeq \mathrm{Hom}_{R}\bigl(VS(T^{\ast}(1),\mathcal{K}), VS(T,\mathcal{K})^{\sharp}\bigr),\N\]\Nwhere \(R\) is a suitable completed group ring of the form \(\mathcal{R}[[\mathrm{Gal}(\mathcal{K}/K)]]\) (for instance, one may often take \(\mathcal{R}=\mathbb{Z}_p\)). This isomorphism is referred to by the authors as a functional equation, and its proof relies fundamentally on Artin-Verdier duality.\N\NThe main focus of the article is the case in which \(K\) is totally real, \(T=\mathbb{Z}_p(j)\) for some \(j\in\mathbb{Z}\), and \(p\) is a prime unramified in \(K\). The extension \(\mathcal{K}\) is also assumed to be totally real and to contain \(K(\mu_{p^{\infty}})^+\). The condition on \(p\) ensures the validity of local (non-equivariant) Tamagawa number conjectures at all \(p\)-adic places of \(K\). The authors point out that this can be deduced from existing results in the literature, but they also provide a direct proof.\N\NIn the special case \(T=\mathbb{Z}_p\), the validity of these conjectures yields a natural element of the module of local vertical determinant systems \(VS^{\mathrm{loc}}(\mathbb{Z}_p,\mathcal{K})\). On the other hand, the Deligne-Ribet \(p\)-adic \(L\)-function gives rise, via the Iwasawa main conjecture, to an element of \(VS(\mathbb{Z}_p,\mathcal{K})\). Through the above isomorphism (with \(T=\mathbb{Z}_p\)), one thereby obtains an element of \(VS(\mathbb{Z}_p(1),\mathcal{K})\). This element induces an Euler system \(c\) of rank \(r=[K:\mathbb{Q}]\) via a canonical (up to minor choices) homomorphism from vertical determinant systems to Euler systems. The resulting Euler system interpolates values of Dedekind zeta functions at positive even integers, more precisely the generalised Stark elements introduced by \textit{D. Burns} et al. [Adv. Stud. Pure Math. 86, 113--140 (2020; Zbl 1469.11458)]. This construction depends on the validity of the local Tamagawa number conjectures for \(T=\mathbb{Z}_p(j)\).\N\NThe case of positive odd integers remains conjectural. Under the assumption of the \(p\)-adic Beilinson conjecture, the authors are led to a conjectural generalisation of the Coleman-Ihara formula.\N\NFor the entire collection see [Zbl 1564.11006].



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