On global attractivity of nonlinear delay difference equations with a forcing term

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The authors study the global behaviour of solutions of a scalar delay difference equation \[ x(n+1)-x(n)+p(n)f(x(n-k))=r(n), \] where \(\{p(n)\}\) is a nonnegative sequence, \(f\) is a continuous function with \(xf(x)>0\) for \(x\neq0\), \(k\) is a nonnegative integer. Special cases \(r(n)=0\) and \(f(x)=x\) are considered as well. Some sufficient conditions for the global attractivity of the zero are obtained. In particular, it is shown that all solutions of the equation tends to zero as \(n\to\infty\) if the following conditions hold: \(\sum_{i=0}^\infty p(i)=\infty\), \(\sum_{i=0}^\infty |r(i)|<\infty\), \(|f(x)|\leq|x|\) and \(\sup_{n\geq0}\sum_{i=n}^{n+k}p(i)\leq\mu+1/(2k+2)\) for \(0\leq\mu<3/2\). As application, the authors offer sufficient conditions for the asymptotic stability of the positive equilibrium \(y=1/2\) of the genotype selection model equation \[ y(n+1)=y(n)\exp(\beta(1-2y(n-k))+r(n))/ [1-y(n)+y(n)\exp(\beta(1-2y(n-k))+r(n))], \] \(n=0,1,\dots\), \(\beta>0\).











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