On intersection of lemniscates of rational functions

DOI10.56994/ARMJ.011.001.002MaRDI QIDQ6976764zbMATH OpenFDO

Authors Stepan Orevkov, F. Pakovich

Publication date 31 May 2025

Published in Arnold Mathematical Journal (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://doi.org/10.56994/ARMJ.011.001.002

zbMATH Keywords

Bezout theoremBlaschke productslemniscateseparated variables curvesunimodular points

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Exponential Diophantine equations (11D61) Topology of real algebraic varieties (14P25) Polynomials and rational functions of one complex variable (30C10)

Review text

Let \(P\) be a non-constant complex rational function. The lemniscate of \(P\), \(\mathcal{L}_P\), is the set of points \(z \in \mathbb{C}\) such that \(|P(z)| = 1\). On the other hand, consider the rational function \(P(x+iy) \overline{P}(x+iy) - 1\), and call \(L_P(x,y)\) its numerator. Then, the lemniscate of \(P\) is also the set of real points of the algebraic curve defined by \(L_P(x,y)=0\). In [Proc. Am. Math. Soc. 148, No. 5, 1829--1833 (2020; Zbl 1455.11055)], the second author and \textit{I. E. Shparlinski} proved that the number of common points of the lemniscates of two functions \(P_1\) and \(P_2\) of degrees \(n_1\) and \(n_2\) is bounded above by \((n_1 + n_2)^2\) excepting if \(P_1 = B_1 \circ W\), \(P_2 = B_2 \circ W\), for some quotients of finite Blaschke products \(B_1\) and \(B_2\) and a rational function \(W\).\N\NIn the present paper, the authors refine the bound \((n_1 + n_2)^2\), obtaining the stronger bound \(2n_1n_2\), and proving furthermore that this bound is sharp, because for any numbers \(n_1\) and \(n_2\) there exist rational functions of degrees \(n_1\) and \(n_2\) such that \(\mathcal{L}_{P_1}\) and \(\mathcal{L}_{P_2}\) have exactly \(2n_1n_2\) intersection points.\N\NThe second feature of the paper is to determine conditions under which the algebraic curve \(L_P(x,y)=0\) is irreducible. This is made in Section 3, by obtaining that a composition condition of the form \(P = B \circ W\) as above is sufficient, but not necessary in general for rational \(P\).

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Cited in

(1)

• On dessins d'enfants with equal supports

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