On moment functionals with signed representing measures

The author gives an interesting characterization for sets where every linear functional is a general moment functional.\N\NLet \(K\) be a closed set in \(\mathbb R^d\) and \(L : \mathbb R[x_1,\dots,x_d] \to \mathbb R\) be a linear functional. We say that \(L\) is a general moment functional on \(K\) if there exists a signed real Radon measure \(\mu\) with support on \(K\) such that: \N\[\NL(p)=\int_{K} p(t) d\mu(t)\qquad p\in \mathbb R[x_1,\dots,x_d].\N\]\NThe main result is the following: Suppose that \( K \) is a closed subset of \( \mathbb{R}^d \). Then the following statements are equivalent:\N\begin{itemize}\N\item[(i)] Each linear functional on \( \mathbb{R}[x_1, \ldots, x_d] \) is a general moment functional with a representing signed Radon measure whose support is contained in \( K \).\N\item[(ii)] \( K \) is Zariski dense (is not contained in the zero set of a polynomial \(p\in \mathbb R[x_1,\dots,x_d] \setminus \{0\}\)) and the linear space \( \mathcal N_n(K) \) is finite-dimensional for each \( n \in \mathbb{N}_0 \).\N\end{itemize}\NHere the the set \( \mathcal N_n(K) \) is defined by:\N\begin{align*}\N\mathcal N_n(K) := \{ p \in &\mathbb{R}[x_1, \ldots, x_d] : \text{There exists a number } \lambda_p > 0 \text{ such that}\\\N&|p(x)| \leq \lambda_p(1 + x_1^2 + \cdots + x_d^2)^n \text{ for all } x \in K \}.\N\end{align*}\NThe result is in fact established in the more general setting of commutative unital real algebras with finitely generators.

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