On negative eigenvalues of generalized Laplace operators.

Fractals (28A80) Laplace operator, Helmholtz equation (reduced wave equation), Poisson equation (35J05) General topics in linear spectral theory for PDEs (35P05) Spectrum, resolvent (47A10) Perturbation theory of linear operators (47A55) General theory of partial differential operators (47F05)

Review text

A generalized Laplace operator \(-\widetilde\Delta\) is a self-adjoint operator in \(L_2\equiv L_2(\mathbb{R}^n)\) which coincides with \(-\Delta\) on some dense subspace \({\mathcal D}\) of \(L_2\). In the present paper it is assumed also that \(D(-\widetilde\Delta)\subset W^1_2\). It is shown that, under some technical assumptions, \(-\widetilde\Delta\) admits a generalized sum representation \(-\widetilde\Delta= -\Delta\widetilde+ T\), where \(T: W^1_2\to W^{-1}_2\) is an \(L_2\)-singular operator in the sense that \(\ker(T)\) is dense in \(L_2\). The aim of the paper under review is to investigate the number of negative eigenvalues of operators of the form \(-\widetilde\Delta= -\Delta\widetilde+ \alpha T\), where \(T\) is a positive \(L_2\)-singular operator and \(\alpha\) is a negative coupling constant. Under the assumption that \((1 -\Delta)^{-1}T\) has a discrete spectrum, criteria for the number of negative eigenvalues to be finite and infinite are given and examples discussed.

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