On quadratic fields generated by polynomials

DOI10.1007/S00013-008-2656-2MaRDI QIDQ999092zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Florian Luca, Igor E. Shparlinski

Publication date 30 January 2009

Published in Archiv der Mathematik (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://doi.org/10.1007/s00013-008-2656-2

zbMATH Keywords

character sumsQuadratic fieldssquare sieve

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Estimates on character sums (11L40) Applications of sieve methods (11N36) Quadratic extensions (11R11)

Review text

Let \(f(X)\) be an integral polynomial without repeated roots, and write \(S_f(M,N)\) for the number of distinct quadratic fields \(\mathbb{Q}(\sqrt {f(n)})\) for \(M<n\leq M+N\). It was shown by \textit{P. Cutter, A. Granville} and \textit{Thomas J. Tucker} [Can. Math. Bull. 46, 71--79 (2003; Zbl 1044.11087)] that \(S_f(0,N)\sim c_fN\) for polynomials of degree at most 2, with \(c_f=1\) for quadratic polynomials. Moreover they showed that \(S_f(0,N)\sim N\) for every degree at least 2, under the ABC-Conjecture. This paper considers unconditional bounds, by examining the number \(Q_f(s;M,N)\) of integers \(n\in(M,N+M]\) for which \(\mathbb{Q} (\sqrt{f(n)})= \mathbb{Q}(\sqrt s)\). It is shown that \[ Q_f(s;M,N)\ll_fN^{1/2}\log N \tag{*} \] whence \(S_f(M,N)\gg_fN^{1/2}(\log N)^{-1}\). This result is proved using the reviewer's `square-sieve' [Math. Ann. 266, 251--259 (1984; Zbl 0514.10038)], along with various bounds for incomplete character sums. It is natural to ask whether a better result for \(S_f(M,N)\) might have been obtained by estimating \(\sum_sQ_f (s;M,N)^2\) directly. Here one would want to apply the square sieve to the multi-set \(\{f(n_1)f(n_2):M< n_1,n_2\leq M+N\}\). The authors present bounds for certain averages of \(Q_f(s;M,N)\) which improve on (*) in mean, for appropriate ranges of \(s\).

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