On semi-classical limit of nonlinear quantum scattering

Asymptotic behavior of solutions to PDEs (35B40) Asymptotic expansions of solutions to PDEs (35C20) Scattering theory for PDEs (35P25) NLS equations (nonlinear Schrödinger equations) (35Q55) Semiclassical techniques, including WKB and Maslov methods applied to problems in quantum theory (81Q20) Coherent states (81R30) (S)-matrix theory, etc. in quantum theory (81U20)

Abstract: We consider the nonlinear Schr{"o}dinger equation with a short-range external potential, in a semi-classical scaling. We show that for fixed Planck constant, a com-plete scattering theory is available, showing that both the potential and the nonlinearity are asymptotically negligible for large time. Then, for data under the form of coherent state, we show that a scattering theory is also available for the approximate envelope of the propagated coherent state, which is given by a nonlinear equation. In the semi-classical limit, these two scattering operators can be compared in terms of classical scattering the-ory, thanks to a uniform in time error estimate. Finally, we infer a large time decoupling phenomenon in the case of finitely many initial coherent states.

Review text

The author considers the nonlinear equation NEWLINE\[NEWLINE i\varepsilon \partial_t \psi^\varepsilon +\frac{\varepsilon^2}{2}\Delta \psi^\varepsilon = V(x)\psi^\varepsilon + \varepsilon^\alpha|\psi^\varepsilon|^{2\sigma}\psi^\varepsilon,NEWLINE\]NEWLINE with a short-range smooth real-valued potential \(V\) and both semi-classical (\(\varepsilon\to 0\)) and large time (\(t\to \pm \infty\)) limits. It is assumed that the attractive part of the potential \(\left(\frac{x}{|x|}\cdot \nabla V(x)\right)_+\) is not too large and there exists \(\mu>1\) such that NEWLINE\[NEWLINE|\partial^\alpha V|\leq \frac{C}{(1+|x|)^{\mu+\alpha}}, \forall\alpha\in{\mathbb N}^d. NEWLINE\]NEWLINENEWLINENEWLINEIt is proved that, if \(d\geq 3, \frac{2}{d}<\sigma<\frac{2}{d-2}, \mu>2\), one can define a scattering operator in \(H^1({\mathbb R}^d)\).NEWLINENEWLINEThe second result of this paper concerns the case \(d\geq 1, \frac{2}{d}\leq\sigma<\frac{2}{(d-2)_+}, \mu>1\). For data under the form of coherent state, it is proved that the scattering theory is available for the envelope equation.NEWLINENEWLINEThe main result of the paper under review gives the asymptotic expansion of \(S^\varepsilon \psi^\varepsilon_- (\varepsilon\to 0)\) in the case \(\sigma=1, \alpha=5/2\), where \(S^\varepsilon:\psi^\varepsilon_-\to\psi^\varepsilon_+\) is the (quantum) scattering operator.

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