On some congruence conjectures involving binary quadratic forms
Let \(p\) be a prime greater than \(3\), and let \([a]\) be the greatest integer not exceeding \(a\). In the paper, using \(p\)-adic Gamma functions and Jacobi sums the author proves the following conjectures of \textit{Z.-H. Sun} [Publ. Math. Debr. 96, No. 3--4, 315--346 (2020; Zbl 1474.11002)]:\N\begin{align*}\N&\sum_{k=0}^{p-1}\frac{\binom{2k}k^3}{(-64)^k}\equiv \begin{cases} 4x^2-2p-\frac{p^2}{4x^2}\pmod{p^3}\\\N\qquad\qquad \text{if \(p=x^2+2y^2\equiv 1\pmod 8\),}\\\N\frac{p^2}3\binom{[p/4]}{[p/8]}^{-2}\pmod{p^3} \\\N\qquad\qquad\text{if \(p\equiv 5\pmod 8\),} \\\N\frac{3p^2}2\binom{[p/4]}{[p/8]}^{-2}\pmod{p^3} \\\N\qquad\qquad\text{if \(p\equiv 7\pmod 8\),} \end{cases} \\\N&\sum_{k=0}^{p-1}\frac{\binom{2k}k^2\binom{3k}k}{108^k}\equiv \begin{cases} 4x^2-2p-\frac{p^2}{4x^2}\pmod{p^3} \\\N\qquad\quad\text{if \(p=x^2+3y^2\equiv 1\pmod 3\),} \\\N-\frac{p^2}2\binom{(p-1)/2}{(p-5)/6}^{-2}\pmod{p^3} \\\N\qquad\quad\text{if \(p\equiv 2\pmod 3\),} \end{cases} \\\N&\sum_{k=0}^{p-1}\frac{\binom{2k}k^2\binom{4k}{2k}}{256^k}\equiv \begin{cases} 4x^2-2p-\frac{p^2}{4x^2}\pmod{p^3} \\\N\qquad\quad\text{if \(p=x^2+2y^2\equiv 1\pmod 8\),} \\\N\frac{p^2}3\binom{[p/4]}{[p/8]}^{-2}\pmod{p^3} \\\N\qquad\quad\text{if \(p\equiv 5\pmod 8\),} \\\N-\frac 32{p^2}\binom{[p/4]}{[p/8]}^{-2}\pmod{p^3} \\\N\qquad\quad\text{if \(p\equiv 7\pmod 8\),} \end{cases}\N\end{align*}\Nwhere \(x\) and \(y\) are integers.
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