On some problems of conjugacy in semigroups
The conjugacy relation in groups has many applications in the investigation of the theory of groups. Since the 1970's, the conjugacy relation in groups has been generalized to semigroups by various methods. For a group \(G\), the conjugacy relation \(\sim\) on \(G\) is given by the following rule: For all \(a,b\in G\), \(a\sim b\) if and only if there exists \(g\in G\) such that \(b=g^{-1}ag\). Moreover, one can check easily that \N\[\Na\sim b \Longleftrightarrow (\exists g\in G) ag=gb \Longleftrightarrow (\exists u,v\in G) a=uv, b=vu.\N\]\NInspired by the above fact, one can define conjugacy relation \(\sim_p\) on a semigroup \(S\) as follows: For all \(a,b\in S\), \N\[\Na\sim_{p}b\Longleftrightarrow (\exists u,v\in S^1) a=uv, b=vu.\N\] \NIn general, \(\sim_p\) is reflexive and symmetric, but not transitive. In 1984, \textit{F. Otto} [Semigroup Forum 29, 223--240 (1984; Zbl 0551.20044)] introduced the relation \(\sim_o\) on a semigroup \(S\) as follows: For all \(a,b\in S\),\N\[\Na\sim_o b\Longleftrightarrow (\exists g,h\in S^1) ag=gb, bh=ha.\N\]\NObviously, \(\sim_o\) is an equivalence, but it becomes the universal relation in a semigroup containing a zero element. \textit{J. Araújo} et al. [Proc. R. Soc. Edinb., Sect. A, Math. 147, No. 6, 1169--1214 (2017; Zbl 1486.20071)] proposed the following problems.\N\NProblem 6.4. Is \(\sim_p\) transitive in every cancellative semigroup? Is it transitive in every semigroup that is embeddable in a group?\N\NProblem 6.9. Describe the semigroups without zero in which o-conjugacy is the universal relation.\N\N\textit{J. Konieczny} [J. Algebra Appl. 17, No. 2, Article ID 1850032, 20 p. (2018; Zbl 1481.20205)] introduced \(n\)-conjugacy \(\sim_n\) for a semigroup \(S\) by the following rule: For all \(a,b\in S\), \N\[\Na\sim_n b\Longleftrightarrow (\exists g,h\in S^1) ag=gb, bh=ha, hag=b, gbh=a.\N\]\NA (2,1,1)-algebra \((S,\cdot, +, *)\) is called a restriction semigroup if \((S,\cdot)\) is a semigroup and the following axioms hold: \N\[\Nx^{+}x=x, x^{+}y^{+}=y^{+}x^{+}, (x^{+}y)^{+}=x^{+}y^{+}, (xy)^{+}x=xy^{+}, (x^{+})^{*}=x^{+},\N\]\N\[\Nxx^{*}=x, y^{*}x^{*}=x^{*}y^{*}, (yx^{*})^{*}=y^{*}x^{*}, x(yx)^{*}=y^{*}x, (x^{*})^{+}=x^{*}.\N\]\NA restriction semigroup \((S,\cdot, +, *)\) is called an ample semigroup if the following two implications hold: For all \(x,y\in S^{1}\) and \(c\in S\),\N\[\Nxc=yc \Longrightarrow xc^+=yc^+;\quad cx=cy \Longrightarrow c^*x=c^*y.\N\]\N\textit{J. Araújo} et al. [J. Algebra 533, 142--173 (2019; Zbl 1446.20079)] introduced the notion r-conjugacy \(\sim_r\) for restriction semigroups as follows: For all \(a,b\) in a restriction semigroup \((S,\cdot, +, *)\), \N\[\Na\sim_r b \Longleftrightarrow(\exists{g\in{S^1}})\quad ag=gb, ag^{+}=a, g^{*}b=b.\N\]\NThen they proposed the following problem.\N\NProblem 8.3. Study \(\sim_r\) in restriction and ample semigroups. What is the relationship between \(\sim_r\) and \(\sim_n\)?\N\NThe present paper focuses on the above three problems. More specifically, the paper first gives a negative answer to Problem 6.4 by several examples. Then the paper obtains a simple sufficient condition under which the \(o\)-conjugacy is the universal relation and proves that this condition is also necessary in some natural classes of semigroups. This partially solves Problem 6.9. Finally, the paper explores some properties of \(r\)-conjugacy in restriction semigroups and so gives an answer to Problem 8.3.
- A network of congruences on an ample semigroup
- A new definition of conjugacy for semigroups
- Adequate Semigroups
- Certain congruences on E-inversive E-semigroups
- Classical finite transformation semigroups. An introduction.
- Congruences and group congruences on a semigroup.
- CONJUGACY IN FREE INVERSE MONOIDS
- Conjugacy in inverse semigroups
- Conjugacy in monoids with a special Church-Rosser presentation is decidable
- Conjugacy in special monoids
- Conjugation in semigroups.
- Decidability and independence of conjugacy problems in finitely presented monoids
- Embedding in factorisable restriction monoids
- Four notions of conjugacy for abstract semigroups
- scientific article; zbMATH DE number 5150185 (Why is no real title available?)
- scientific article; zbMATH DE number 3179521 (Why is no real title available?)
- scientific article; zbMATH DE number 3654376 (Why is no real title available?)
- scientific article; zbMATH DE number 789816 (Why is no real title available?)
- On the immersion of an algebraic ring into a field.
- On three approaches to conjugacy in semigroups.
- Proper two-sided restriction semigroups and partial actions.
- Restriction and Ehresmann semigroups.
- The equation \(a_ M=b^ Nc^ P\) in a free group
- THE FREE AMPLE MONOID
- The transitivity of primary conjugacy in a class of semigroups
- The transitivity of primary conjugacy in regular \(\omega\)-semigroups
- Variants of epigroups and primary conjugacy
This page was built for publication: On some problems of conjugacy in semigroups
Report a bug (only for logged in users!)Click here to report a bug for this page (MaRDI item Q7030586)
