On the Cauchy problem for convolution equations
Let \(\mathcal{O}'_C(\mathbb{R}^n)\) be the space of all rapidly decreasing distributions, i.e.\ the space of all distributions \(T\) on \(\mathbb{R}^n\) such that for every \(k > 0\) the distribution \((1+| x |^2)^{k/2} T\) is bounded (i.e.\ it extends to a continuous linear functional on \(\mathcal{D}_{L^1}(\mathbb{R}^n) = \{ \phi \in C^{\infty}(\mathbb{R}^n): \partial^{\alpha} \phi \in L^1(\mathbb{R}^n) \text{ for every } \alpha \in \mathbb{N}_0^n \}\). This space forms a convolution algebra. In [\textit{J. Kisyński}, Colloq. Math. 128, No. 1, 49--68 (2012; Zbl 1272.46036)] the author characterizes those \(G \in \mathcal{O}'_C(\mathbb{R}^n; M_{m \times m})\) for which there exists a (unique) \(C_0\)-semigroup \((T_t)_{t \geq 0} \subset \mathcal{L}(\mathcal{S}'(\mathbb{R}^n; \mathbb{C}^m))\) with infinitesimal generator \((G *)_{|\mathcal{S}(\mathbb{R}^n); \mathbb{C}^m)}\).NEWLINENEWLINESuppose that \(E\) is one of the function spaces \(\mathcal{S}(\mathbb{R}^n; \mathbb{C}^m)\), \(\mathcal{D}_{L^p}(\mathbb{R}^n; \mathbb{C}^m)\) for \(p \in [1, \infty]\), \(\mathcal{O}_a(\mathbb{R}^n; \mathbb{C}^m)\) for \(a > 0\) or one of the distribution spaces \(\mathcal{S}'(\mathbb{R}^n; \mathbb{C}^m)\), \(\mathcal{O}'_C(\mathbb{R}^n; \mathbb{C}^m)\), \(\mathcal{D}'_{L^q}(\mathbb{R}^n; \mathbb{C}^m)\) for \(q \in (1, \infty)\) or \(\mathcal{O}'_a(\mathbb{R}^n; \mathbb{C}^m)\) for \(a > 0\). In this article the author shows that in the setting described above the semigroup \((T_t)_{t \geq 0}\) restricts to a \(C_0\)-semigroup on \(E\) with infinitesimal generator \((G*)_{|E}\). Moreover, for every \(u_0 \in E\) and \(f \in C^k([0,\infty);E)\) for \(k \in \mathbb{N} \cup \{ \infty \}\) the Cauchy problem NEWLINE\[NEWLINE\dot{u}(t) = G * u(t) + f(t) \qquad \text{for } t \in [0, \infty)NEWLINE\]NEWLINE with given initial condition \(u(0) = u_0\) has a solution \(u \in C^k([0, \infty); E)\) which is unique in the class \(C^1([0, \infty); \mathcal{S}'(\mathbb{R}^n; \mathbb{C}^m))\) and is given by the convolution NEWLINE\[NEWLINEu(t) = S_t * u_0 + \int_0^t S_{\tau} * f(t-\tau) \, d\tau.NEWLINE\]
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