On the Deligne-Simpson problem

Abstract: The Deligne-Simpson problem is formulated like this: give necessary and sufficient conditions for the choice of the conjugacy classes

or

so that there exist irreducible

(p + 1)

-tuples of matrices

M_{j} i n C_{j}

or

A_{j} i n c_{j}

satisfying the equality

M_{1} ... M_{p + 1} = I

or

A_{1} + ... + A_{p + 1} = 0

. We solve the problem for generic eigenvalues with the exception of the case of matrices

M_{j}

when the greatest common divisor of the numbers

S i g m a_{j, l} (s i g m a)

of Jordan blocks of a given matrix

M_{j}

, with a given eigenvalue

s i g m a

and of a given size

l

(taken over all

j

,

s i g m a

,

l

) is

> 1

. Generic eigenvalues are defined by explicit algebraic inequalities. For such eigenvalues there exist no reducible

(p + 1)

-tuples. The matrices

M_{j}

and

A_{j}

are interpreted as monodromy operators of regular linear systems and as matrices-residua of fuchsian ones on Riemann's sphere.

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