On the Distribution of Generating Functions
The generating function \(f_P(\alpha)\) associated with the \(k\)th powers is defined by \[ f_P(\alpha)= \sum_{1\leq n\leq P} \exp(i2\pi\alpha n^k). \] For \(\alpha\in (0,1]\), let \(f(\alpha)= P^{-1/2}|f_P(\alpha)|\). It has been conjectured that \[ \int_0^1 f(\alpha)^s d\alpha\sim \Gamma (\tfrac s2+1). \tag \(*\) \] When \(s=2\) then \((*)\) can be obtained by Parseval's identity. The truth of \((*)\) for the case, \(s=4\) and \(k>2\) follows from the work of several authors including \textit{C. M. Skinner} and \textit{T. D. Wooley} [J. Reine Angew. Math. 462, 57-68 (1995; Zbl 0820.11059)], and \textit{T. D. Wooley} [Int. Math. Res. Notices, 181-185 (1995; Zbl 0821.11049)]. On the other hand, \((*)\) is false when \(s>2k\), and when \(s=4\) and \(k=2\). However, it is believed that the \((*)\) is true for even integers \(s\) with \(0\leq s< 2k\). In the present paper the authors investigate the extent to which certain knowledge on \((*)\) can be used to establish information concerning the general distribution of \(f_P(\alpha)\) and the behaviour of the moments in \((*)\) for general real \(s\) under the assumption that for some \(\delta>0\) and \(t=0,1,\dots, n\) \[ \int_0^1 f(\alpha)^{2t} d\alpha= \Gamma(t+1)+ O_t(P^{-\delta}). \tag{\(**\)} \] Assuming \((**)\) they obtain (i) for any \(\lambda>0\) we have \[ \int_0^1 \chi_{[0,\lambda]} (f(\alpha)) d\alpha= 1-e^{-\lambda^2}+ O(\lambda^{1/2} e^{-\lambda^2/2} n^{-1/4}+ (\lambda+ \lambda^{-1}) n^{-1/2})+ O_n((\lambda+ \lambda^{-1}) P^{-\delta}) \] where \(\chi_{\mathcal A}(x)\) denotes the indicator of the set \({\mathcal A}\), (ii) for each \(s\) with \(0\leq s\leq 2n- n^{2/3}\) we have \[ \int_0^1 f(\alpha)^s d\alpha= \Gamma(\tfrac s2+1) (1+O((s+1)^{1/2} 2^{s/2} n^{-1/4}))+ O_n(P^{-\delta}). \tag{\(***\)} \] Moreover, if \(0\leq s\leq 2n\) the first \(O\)-term in \((***)\) can be replaced by \(O(\frac{1}{\log(2n)})\).
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